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Authorization of web endpoints

Quarkus incorporates a pluggable web security layer. When security is active, the system performs a permission check on all HTTP requests to determine if they should proceed.

Using @PermitAll will not open a path if the path is restricted by the quarkus.http.auth. configuration. To ensure specific paths are accessible, appropriate configurations must be made within the Quarkus security settings.

If you use Jakarta RESTful Web Services, consider using quarkus.security.jaxrs.deny-unannotated-endpoints or quarkus.security.jaxrs.default-roles-allowed to set default security requirements instead of HTTP path-level matching because annotations can override these properties on an individual endpoint.

Authorization is based on user roles that the security provider provides. To customize these roles, a SecurityIdentityAugmentor can be created, see Security Identity Customization.

Authorization using configuration

Permissions are defined in the Quarkus configuration by permission sets, each specifying a policy for access control.

Table 1. Quarkus policies summary
Built-in policy Description

deny

This policy denies all users.

permit

This policy permits all users.

authenticated

This policy permits only authenticated users.

You can define role-based policies that allow users with specific roles to access the resources.

Example of a role-based policy
quarkus.http.auth.policy.role-policy1.roles-allowed=user,admin                  (1)
1 This defines a role-based policy that allows users with the user and admin roles.

You can reference a custom policy by configuring the built-in permission sets that are defined in the application.properties file, as outlined in the following configuration example:

Example of policy configuration
quarkus.http.auth.permission.permit1.paths=/public/*                            (1)
quarkus.http.auth.permission.permit1.policy=permit
quarkus.http.auth.permission.permit1.methods=GET

quarkus.http.auth.permission.deny1.paths=/forbidden                             (2)
quarkus.http.auth.permission.deny1.policy=deny

quarkus.http.auth.permission.roles1.paths=/roles-secured/*,/other/*,/api/*      (3)
quarkus.http.auth.permission.roles1.policy=role-policy1
1 This permission references the default built-in permit policy to allow GET methods to /public. In this case, the demonstrated setting would not affect this example because this request is allowed anyway.
2 This permission references the built-in deny policy for both /forbidden and /forbidden/ paths. It is an exact path match because it does not end with *.
3 This permission set references the previously defined policy. roles1 is an example name; you can call the permission sets whatever you want.

The exact path pattern /forbidden in the example above also secures the /forbidden/ path. This way, the forbidden endpoint in the example below is secured by the deny1 permission.

package org.acme.crud;

import jakarta.ws.rs.GET;
import jakarta.ws.rs.Path;

@Path("/forbidden")
public class ForbiddenResource {
    @GET
    public String forbidden() { (1)
        return "No!";
    }
}
1 Both /forbidden and /forbidden/ paths need to be secured in order to secure the forbidden endpoint.

If you need to permit access to the /forbidden/ path, please add new permission with more specific exact path like in the example below:

quarkus.http.auth.permission.permit1.paths=/forbidden/ (1)
quarkus.http.auth.permission.permit1.policy=permit
1 The /forbidden/ path is not secured.

Custom HttpSecurityPolicy

Sometimes it might be useful to register your own named policy. You can get it done by creating application scoped CDI bean that implements the io.quarkus.vertx.http.runtime.security.HttpSecurityPolicy interface like in the example below:

import jakarta.enterprise.context.ApplicationScoped;

import io.quarkus.security.identity.SecurityIdentity;
import io.quarkus.vertx.http.runtime.security.HttpSecurityPolicy;
import io.smallrye.mutiny.Uni;
import io.vertx.ext.web.RoutingContext;

@ApplicationScoped
public class CustomNamedHttpSecPolicy implements HttpSecurityPolicy {
    @Override
    public Uni<CheckResult> checkPermission(RoutingContext event, Uni<SecurityIdentity> identity,
            AuthorizationRequestContext requestContext) {
        if (customRequestAuthorization(event)) {
            return Uni.createFrom().item(CheckResult.PERMIT);
        }
        return Uni.createFrom().item(CheckResult.DENY);
    }

    @Override
    public String name() {
        return "custom"; (1)
    }

    private static boolean customRequestAuthorization(RoutingContext event) {
        // here comes your own security check
        return !event.request().path().endsWith("denied");
    }
}
1 Named HTTP Security policy will only be applied to requests matched by the application.properties path matching rules.
Example of custom named HttpSecurityPolicy referenced from configuration file
quarkus.http.auth.permission.custom1.paths=/custom/*
quarkus.http.auth.permission.custom1.policy=custom                              (1)
1 Custom policy name must match the value returned by the io.quarkus.vertx.http.runtime.security.HttpSecurityPolicy.name method.

Alternatively, you can bind custom named HttpSecurityPolicy to Jakarta REST endpoints with the @AuthorizationPolicy security annotation.

Example of custom named HttpSecurityPolicy bound to a Jakarta REST endpoint
import io.quarkus.vertx.http.security.AuthorizationPolicy;
import jakarta.annotation.security.DenyAll;
import jakarta.ws.rs.GET;
import jakarta.ws.rs.Path;

@DenyAll (1)
@Path("hello")
public class HelloResource {

    @AuthorizationPolicy(name = "custom") (2)
    @GET
    public String hello() {
        return "hello";
    }

}
1 The @AuthorizationPolicy annotation can be used together with other standard security annotations. As usual, the method-level annotation has priority over class-level annotation.
2 Apply custom named HttpSecurityPolicy to the Jakarta REST hello endpoint.

You can also create global HttpSecurityPolicy invoked on every request. Just do not implement the io.quarkus.vertx.http.runtime.security.HttpSecurityPolicy.name method and leave the policy nameless.

Matching on paths and methods

Permission sets can also specify paths and methods as a comma-separated list. If a path ends with the * wildcard, the query it generates matches all sub-paths. Otherwise, it queries for an exact match and only matches that specific path:

quarkus.http.auth.permission.permit1.paths=/public*,/css/*,/js/*,/robots.txt    (1)
quarkus.http.auth.permission.permit1.policy=permit
quarkus.http.auth.permission.permit1.methods=GET,HEAD
1 The * wildcard at the end of the path matches zero or more path segments, but never any word starting from the /public path. For that reason, a path like /public-info is not matched by this pattern.

Matching a path but not a method

The request is rejected if it matches one or more permission sets based on the path but none of the required methods.

Given the preceding permission set, GET /public/foo would match both the path and method and therefore be allowed. In contrast, POST /public/foo would match the path but not the method, and, therefore, be rejected.

Matching multiple paths: longest path wins

Matching is always done on the "longest path wins" basis. Less specific permission sets are not considered if a more specific one has been matched:

quarkus.http.auth.permission.permit1.paths=/public/*
quarkus.http.auth.permission.permit1.policy=permit
quarkus.http.auth.permission.permit1.methods=GET,HEAD

quarkus.http.auth.permission.deny1.paths=/public/forbidden-folder/*
quarkus.http.auth.permission.deny1.policy=deny

Given the preceding permission set, GET /public/forbidden-folder/foo would match both permission sets' paths. However, because the longer path matches the path of the deny1 permission set, deny1 is chosen, and the request is rejected.

Subpath permissions precede root path permissions, as the deny1 versus permit1 permission example previously illustrated.

This rule is further exemplified by a scenario where subpath permission allows access to a public resource while the root path permission necessitates authorization.

quarkus.http.auth.policy.user-policy.roles-allowed=user
quarkus.http.auth.permission.roles.paths=/api/*
quarkus.http.auth.permission.roles.policy=user-policy

quarkus.http.auth.permission.public.paths=/api/noauth/*
quarkus.http.auth.permission.public.policy=permit

Matching multiple sub-paths: longest path to the * wildcard wins

Previous examples demonstrated matching all sub-paths when a path concludes with the * wildcard.

This wildcard also applies in the middle of a path, representing a single path segment. It cannot be mixed with other path segment characters; thus, path separators always enclose the * wildcard, as seen in the /public/*/about-us path.

When several path patterns correspond to the same request path, the system selects the longest sub-path leading to the * wildcard. In this context, every path segment character is more specific than the * wildcard.

Here is a simple example:

quarkus.http.auth.permission.secured.paths=/api/*/detail                    (1)
quarkus.http.auth.permission.secured.policy=authenticated
quarkus.http.auth.permission.public.paths=/api/public-product/detail        (2)
quarkus.http.auth.permission.public.policy=permit
1 Request paths like /api/product/detail can only be accessed by authenticated users.
2 The path /api/public-product/detail is more specific, therefore accessible by anyone.

All paths secured with the authorization using configuration should be tested. Writing path patterns with multiple wildcards can be cumbersome. Please make sure paths are authorized as you intended.

In the following example, paths are ordered from the most specific to the least specific one:

Request path /one/two/three/four/five matches ordered from the most specific to the least specific path
/one/two/three/four/five
/one/two/three/four/*
/one/two/three/*/five
/one/two/three/*/*
/one/two/*/four/five
/one/*/three/four/five
/*/two/three/four/five
/*/two/three/*/five
/*

The * wildcard at the end of the path matches zero or more path segments. The * wildcard placed anywhere else matches exactly one path segment.

Matching multiple paths: most specific method wins

When a path is registered with multiple permission sets, the permission sets explicitly specifying an HTTP method that matches the request take precedence. In this instance, the permission sets without methods only come into effect if the request method does not match permission sets with the method specification.

quarkus.http.auth.permission.permit1.paths=/public/*
quarkus.http.auth.permission.permit1.policy=permit
quarkus.http.auth.permission.permit1.methods=GET,HEAD

quarkus.http.auth.permission.deny1.paths=/public/*
quarkus.http.auth.permission.deny1.policy=deny

The preceding permission set shows that GET /public/foo matches the paths of both permission sets.However, it specifically aligns with the explicit method of the permit1 permission set.Therefore, permit1 is selected, and the request is accepted.

In contrast, PUT /public/foo does not match the method permissions of permit1. As a result, deny1 is activated, leading to the rejection of the request.

Matching multiple paths and methods: both win

Sometimes, the previously described rules allow multiple permission sets to win simultaneously. In that case, for the request to proceed, all the permissions must allow access. For this to happen, both must either have specified the method or have no method. Method-specific matches take precedence.

quarkus.http.auth.policy.user-policy1.roles-allowed=user
quarkus.http.auth.policy.admin-policy1.roles-allowed=admin

quarkus.http.auth.permission.roles1.paths=/api/*,/restricted/*
quarkus.http.auth.permission.roles1.policy=user-policy1

quarkus.http.auth.permission.roles2.paths=/api/*,/admin/*
quarkus.http.auth.permission.roles2.policy=admin-policy1
Given the preceding permission set, GET /api/foo would match both permission sets' paths, requiring both the user and admin roles.

Configuration properties to deny access

The following configuration settings alter the role-based access control (RBAC) denying behavior:

quarkus.security.jaxrs.deny-unannotated-endpoints=true|false

If set to true, access is denied for all Jakarta REST endpoints by default. If a Jakarta REST endpoint has no security annotations, it defaults to the @DenyAll behavior. This helps you to avoid accidentally exposing an endpoint that is supposed to be secured. Defaults to false.

quarkus.security.jaxrs.default-roles-allowed=role1,role2

Defines the default role requirements for unannotated endpoints. The ** role is a special role that means any authenticated user. This cannot be combined with deny-unannotated-endpoints because deny takes effect instead.

quarkus.security.deny-unannotated-members=true|false

If set to true, the access is denied to all CDI methods and Jakarta REST endpoints that do not have security annotations but are defined in classes that contain methods with security annotations. Defaults to false.

Disabling permissions

Permissions can be disabled at build time with an enabled property for each declared permission, such as:

quarkus.http.auth.permission.permit1.enabled=false
quarkus.http.auth.permission.permit1.paths=/public/*,/css/*,/js/*,/robots.txt
quarkus.http.auth.permission.permit1.policy=permit
quarkus.http.auth.permission.permit1.methods=GET,HEAD

Permissions can be reenabled at runtime with a system property or environment variable, such as: -Dquarkus.http.auth.permission.permit1.enabled=true.

Permission paths and HTTP root path

The quarkus.http.root-path configuration property changes the http endpoint context path.

By default, quarkus.http.root-path is prepended automatically to configured permission paths then do not use a forward slash, for example:

quarkus.http.auth.permission.permit1.paths=public/*,css/*,js/*,robots.txt

This configuration is equivalent to the following:

quarkus.http.auth.permission.permit1.paths=${quarkus.http.root-path}/public/*,${quarkus.http.root-path}/css/*,${quarkus.http.root-path}/js/*,${quarkus.http.root-path}/robots.txt

A leading slash changes how the configured permission path is interpreted. The configured URL is used as-is, and paths are not adjusted if the value of quarkus.http.root-path changes.

Example:
quarkus.http.auth.permission.permit1.paths=/public/*,css/*,js/*,robots.txt

This configuration only impacts resources served from the fixed or static URL, /public, which might not match your application resources if quarkus.http.root-path has been set to something other than /.

For more information, see Path Resolution in Quarkus.

Map SecurityIdentity roles

Winning role-based policy can map the SecurityIdentity roles to the deployment-specific roles. These roles are then applicable for endpoint authorization by using the @RolesAllowed annotation.

quarkus.http.auth.policy.admin-policy1.roles.admin=Admin1 (1)
quarkus.http.auth.permission.roles1.paths=/* (2)
quarkus.http.auth.permission.roles1.policy=admin-policy1
1 Map the admin role to Admin1 role. The SecurityIdentity will have both admin and Admin1 roles.
2 The /* path is secured, only authenticated HTTP requests are granted access.

If all that you need is to map the SecurityIdentity roles to the deployment-specific roles regardless of a path, you can also do this:

quarkus.http.auth.roles-mapping.admin=Admin1 (1) (2)
1 Map the admin role to Admin1 role. The SecurityIdentity will have both admin and Admin1 roles.
2 The /* path is not secured. You must secure your endpoints with standard security annotations or define HTTP permissions in addition to this configuration property.

Shared permission checks

One important rule for unshared permission checks is that only one path match is applied, the most specific one. Naturally you can specify as many permissions with the same winning path as you want and they will all be applied. However, there can be permission checks you want to apply to many paths without repeating them over and over again. That’s where shared permission checks come in, they are always applied when the permission path is matched.

Example of custom named HttpSecurityPolicy applied on every HTTP request
quarkus.http.auth.permission.custom1.paths=/*
quarkus.http.auth.permission.custom1.shared=true    (1)
quarkus.http.auth.permission.custom1.policy=custom

quarkus.http.auth.policy.admin-policy1.roles-allowed=admin
quarkus.http.auth.permission.roles1.paths=/admin/*
quarkus.http.auth.permission.roles1.policy=admin-policy1
1 Custom HttpSecurityPolicy will be also applied on the /admin/1 path together with the admin-policy1 policy.
Configuring many shared permission checks is less effective than configuring unshared ones. Use shared permissions to complement unshared permission checks like in the example below.
Map SecurityIdentity roles with shared permission
quarkus.http.auth.policy.role-policy1.roles.root=admin,user (1)
quarkus.http.auth.permission.roles1.paths=/secured/*        (2)
quarkus.http.auth.permission.roles1.policy=role-policy1
quarkus.http.auth.permission.roles1.shared=true

quarkus.http.auth.policy.role-policy2.roles-allowed=user    (3)
quarkus.http.auth.permission.roles2.paths=/secured/user/*
quarkus.http.auth.permission.roles2.policy=role-policy2

quarkus.http.auth.policy.role-policy3.roles-allowed=admin
quarkus.http.auth.permission.roles3.paths=/secured/admin/*
quarkus.http.auth.permission.roles3.policy=role-policy3
1 Role root will be able to access /secured/user/* and /secured/admin/* paths.
2 The /secured/* path can only be accessed by authenticated users. This way, you have secured the /secured/all path and so on.
3 Shared permissions are always applied before unshared ones, therefore a SecurityIdentity with the root role will have the user role as well.

Authorization using annotations

Quarkus includes built-in security to allow for Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) based on the common security annotations @RolesAllowed, @DenyAll, @PermitAll on REST endpoints and CDI beans.

Table 2. Quarkus annotation types summary
Annotation type Description

@DenyAll

Specifies that no security roles are allowed to invoke the specified methods.

@PermitAll

Specifies that all security roles are allowed to invoke the specified methods.

@PermitAll lets everybody in, even without authentication.

@RolesAllowed

Specifies the list of security roles allowed to access methods in an application.

@Authenticated

Quarkus provides the io.quarkus.security.Authenticated annotation that permits any authenticated user to access the resource. It’s equivalent to @RolesAllowed("**").

@PermissionsAllowed

Specifies the list of permissions that are allowed to invoke the specified methods.

@AuthorizationPolicy

Specifies named io.quarkus.vertx.http.runtime.security.HttpSecurityPolicy that should authorize access to the specified endpoints.HttpSecurityPolicy. Named HttpSecurityPolicy can be used for general authorization checks as demonstrated by Example of custom named HttpSecurityPolicy bound to a Jakarta REST endpoint.

The following SubjectExposingResource example demonstrates an endpoint that uses both Jakarta REST and Common Security annotations to describe and secure its endpoints.

SubjectExposingResource example
import java.security.Principal;

import jakarta.annotation.security.DenyAll;
import jakarta.annotation.security.PermitAll;
import jakarta.annotation.security.RolesAllowed;
import jakarta.ws.rs.GET;
import jakarta.ws.rs.Path;
import jakarta.ws.rs.core.Context;
import jakarta.ws.rs.core.SecurityContext;

@Path("subject")
public class SubjectExposingResource {

    @GET
    @Path("secured")
    @RolesAllowed("Tester") (1)
    public String getSubjectSecured(@Context SecurityContext sec) {
        Principal user = sec.getUserPrincipal(); (2)
        String name = user != null ? user.getName() : "anonymous";
        return name;
    }

    @GET
    @Path("authenticated")
    @Authenticated (3)
    public String getSubjectAuthenticated(@Context SecurityContext sec) {
        Principal user = sec.getUserPrincipal();
        String name = user != null ? user.getName() : "anonymous";
        return name;
    }

    @GET
    @Path("unsecured")
    @PermitAll (4)
    public String getSubjectUnsecured(@Context SecurityContext sec) {
        Principal user = sec.getUserPrincipal(); (5)
        String name = user != null ? user.getName() : "anonymous";
        return name;
    }

    @GET
    @Path("denied")
    @DenyAll (6)
    public String getSubjectDenied(@Context SecurityContext sec) {
        Principal user = sec.getUserPrincipal();
        String name = user != null ? user.getName() : "anonymous";
        return name;
    }
}
1 The /subject/secured endpoint requires an authenticated user with the granted "Tester" role through the use of the @RolesAllowed("Tester") annotation.
2 The endpoint obtains the user principal from the Jakarta REST SecurityContext. This returns non-null for a secured endpoint.
3 The /subject/authenticated endpoint allows any authenticated user by specifying the @Authenticated annotation.
4 The /subject/unsecured endpoint allows for unauthenticated access by specifying the @PermitAll annotation.
5 The call to obtain the user principal returns null if the caller is unauthenticated and non-null if the caller is authenticated.
6 The /subject/denied endpoint declares the @DenyAll annotation, disallowing all direct access to it as a REST method, regardless of the user calling it. The method is still invokable internally by other methods in this class.
If you plan to use standard security annotations on the IO thread, review the information in Proactive Authentication.

The @RolesAllowed annotation value supports property expressions including default values and nested property expressions. Configuration properties used with the annotation are resolved at runtime.

Table 3. Annotation value examples
Annotation Value explanation

@RolesAllowed("${admin-role}")

The endpoint allows users with the role denoted by the value of the admin-role property.

@RolesAllowed("${tester.group}-${tester.role}")

An example showing that the value can contain multiple variables.

@RolesAllowed("${customer:User}")

A default value demonstration. The required role is denoted by the value of the customer property. However, if that property is not specified, a role named User is required as a default.
Example of a property expressions usage in the @RolesAllowed annotation
admin=Administrator
tester.group=Software
tester.role=Tester
%prod.secured=User
%dev.secured=**
all-roles=Administrator,Software,Tester,User
Subject access control example
import java.security.Principal;

import jakarta.annotation.security.RolesAllowed;
import jakarta.ws.rs.GET;
import jakarta.ws.rs.Path;
import jakarta.ws.rs.core.Context;
import jakarta.ws.rs.core.SecurityContext;

@Path("subject")
public class SubjectExposingResource {

    @GET
    @Path("admin")
    @RolesAllowed("${admin}") (1)
    public String getSubjectSecuredAdmin(@Context SecurityContext sec) {
        return getUsername(sec);
    }

    @GET
    @Path("software-tester")
    @RolesAllowed("${tester.group}-${tester.role}") (2)
    public String getSubjectSoftwareTester(@Context SecurityContext sec) {
        return getUsername(sec);
    }

    @GET
    @Path("user")
    @RolesAllowed("${customer:User}") (3)
    public String getSubjectUser(@Context SecurityContext sec) {
        return getUsername(sec);
    }

    @GET
    @Path("secured")
    @RolesAllowed("${secured}") (4)
    public String getSubjectSecured(@Context SecurityContext sec) {
        return getUsername(sec);
    }

    @GET
    @Path("list")
    @RolesAllowed("${all-roles}") (5)
    public String getSubjectList(@Context SecurityContext sec) {
        return getUsername(sec);
    }

    private String getUsername(SecurityContext sec) {
        Principal user = sec.getUserPrincipal();
        String name = user != null ? user.getName() : "anonymous";
        return name;
    }
}
1 The @RolesAllowed annotation value is set to the value of Administrator.
2 This /subject/software-tester endpoint requires an authenticated user that has been granted the role of "Software-Tester". It is possible to use multiple expressions in the role definition.
3 This /subject/user endpoint requires an authenticated user that has been granted the role "User" through the use of the @RolesAllowed("${customer:User}") annotation because we did not set the configuration property customer.
4 In production, this /subject/secured endpoint requires an authenticated user with the User role. In development mode, it allows any authenticated user.
5 Property expression all-roles will be treated as a collection type List, therefore, the endpoint will be accessible for roles Administrator, Software, Tester and User.

Endpoint security annotations and Jakarta REST inheritance

Quarkus supports security annotations placed on the endpoint implementation or its class like in the example below:

@Path("hello")
public interface HelloInterface {

    @GET
    String hello();

}

@DenyAll (1)
public class HelloInterfaceImpl implements HelloInterface {

    @RolesAllowed("admin") (2)
    @Override
    public String hello() {
        return "Hello";
    }
}
1 Class-level security annotation must be placed on the class where the endpoint implementation is declared.
2 Method-level security annotation must be placed on the endpoint implementation.

The RESTEasy subresource locators declared as default interface methods cannot be secured by standard security annotations. Secured subresource locators must be implemented and secured on the interface implementors like in the example below:

@Path("hello")
public interface HelloInterface {

    @RolesAllowed("admin")
    @Path("sub")
    default HelloSubResource wrongWay() {
        // not supported
    }

    @Path("sub")
    HelloSubResource rightWay();

}

public class HelloInterfaceImpl implements HelloInterface {

    @RolesAllowed("admin")
    @Override
    public HelloSubResource rightWay() {
        return new HelloSubResource();
    }
}

Permission annotation

Quarkus also provides the io.quarkus.security.PermissionsAllowed annotation, which authorizes any authenticated user with the given permission to access the resource. This annotation is an extension of the common security annotations and checks the permissions granted to a SecurityIdentity instance.

Example of endpoints secured with the @PermissionsAllowed annotation
package org.acme.crud;

import io.quarkus.arc.Arc;
import io.vertx.ext.web.RoutingContext;
import jakarta.ws.rs.GET;
import jakarta.ws.rs.POST;
import jakarta.ws.rs.Path;
import jakarta.ws.rs.QueryParam;

import io.quarkus.security.PermissionsAllowed;

import java.security.BasicPermission;
import java.security.Permission;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Collections;

@Path("/crud")
public class CRUDResource {

    @PermissionsAllowed("create") (1)
    @PermissionsAllowed("update")
    @POST
    @Path("/modify/repeated")
    public String createOrUpdate() {
        return "modified";
    }

    @PermissionsAllowed(value = {"create", "update"}, inclusive=true) (2)
    @POST
    @Path("/modify/inclusive")
    public String createOrUpdate(Long id) {
        return id + " modified";
    }

    @PermissionsAllowed({"see:detail", "see:all", "read"}) (3)
    @GET
    @Path("/id/{id}")
    public String getItem(String id) {
        return "item-detail-" + id;
    }

    @PermissionsAllowed(value = "list", permission = CustomPermission.class) (4)
    @Path("/list")
    @GET
    public Collection<String> list(@QueryParam("query-options") String queryOptions) {
        // your business logic comes here
        return Collections.emptySet();
    }

    public static class CustomPermission extends BasicPermission {

        public CustomPermission(String name) {
            super(name);
        }

        @Override
        public boolean implies(Permission permission) {
            var event = Arc.container().instance(RoutingContext.class).get(); (5)
            var publicContent = "public-content".equals(event.request().params().get("query-options"));
            var hasPermission = getName().equals(permission.getName());
            return hasPermission && publicContent;
        }
    }
}
1 The resource method createOrUpdate is only accessible for a user with both create and update permissions.
2 By default, at least one of the permissions specified through one annotation instance is required. You can require all permissions by setting inclusive=true. Both resource methods createOrUpdate have equal authorization requirements.
3 Access is granted to getItem if SecurityIdentity has either read permission or see permission and one of the all or detail actions.
4 You can use your preferred java.security.Permission implementation. By default, string-based permission is performed by io.quarkus.security.StringPermission.
5 Permissions are not beans, therefore the only way to obtain bean instances is programmatically by using Arc.container().
If you plan to use the @PermissionsAllowed on the IO thread, review the information in Proactive Authentication.
@PermissionsAllowed is not repeatable on the class level due to a limitation with Quarkus interceptors. For more information, see the Repeatable interceptor bindings section of the Quarkus "CDI reference" guide.

The easiest way to add permissions to a role-enabled SecurityIdentity instance is to map roles to permissions. Use Authorization using configuration to grant the required SecurityIdentity permissions for CRUDResource endpoints to authenticated requests, as outlined in the following example:

quarkus.http.auth.policy.role-policy1.permissions.user=see:all                                      (1)
quarkus.http.auth.policy.role-policy1.permissions.admin=create,update,read                          (2)
quarkus.http.auth.permission.roles1.paths=/crud/modify/*,/crud/id/*                                 (3)
quarkus.http.auth.permission.roles1.policy=role-policy1

quarkus.http.auth.policy.role-policy2.permissions.user=list
quarkus.http.auth.policy.role-policy2.permission-class=org.acme.crud.CRUDResource$CustomPermission  (4)
quarkus.http.auth.permission.roles2.paths=/crud/list
quarkus.http.auth.permission.roles2.policy=role-policy2
1 Add the permission see and the action all to the SecurityIdentity instance of the user role. Similarly, for the @PermissionsAllowed annotation, io.quarkus.security.StringPermission is used by default.
2 Permissions create, update, and read are mapped to the role admin.
3 The role policy role-policy1 allows only authenticated requests to access /crud/modify and /crud/id sub-paths. For more information about the path-matching algorithm, see Matching multiple paths: longest path wins later in this guide.
4 You can specify a custom implementation of the java.security.Permission class. Your custom class must define exactly one constructor that accepts the permission name and optionally some actions, for example, String array. In this scenario, the permission list is added to the SecurityIdentity instance as new CustomPermission("list").

You can also create a custom java.security.Permission class with additional constructor parameters. These additional parameters names get matched with arguments names of the method annotated with the @PermissionsAllowed annotation. Later, Quarkus instantiates your custom permission with actual arguments, with which the method annotated with the @PermissionsAllowed has been invoked.

Example of a custom java.security.Permission class that accepts additional arguments
package org.acme.library;

import java.security.Permission;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Set;

public class LibraryPermission extends Permission {

    private final Set<String> actions;
    private final Library library;

    public LibraryPermission(String libraryName, String[] actions, Library library) { (1)
        super(libraryName);
        this.actions = Set.copyOf(Arrays.asList(actions));
        this.library = library;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean implies(Permission requiredPermission) {
        if (requiredPermission instanceof LibraryPermission) {
            LibraryPermission that = (LibraryPermission) requiredPermission;
            boolean librariesMatch = getName().equals(that.getName());
            boolean requiredLibraryIsSublibrary = library.isParentLibraryOf(that.library);
            boolean hasOneOfRequiredActions = that.actions.stream().anyMatch(actions::contains);
            return (librariesMatch || requiredLibraryIsSublibrary) && hasOneOfRequiredActions;
        }
        return false;
    }

    // here comes your own implementation of the `java.security.Permission` class methods

    public static abstract class Library {

        protected String description;

        abstract boolean isParentLibraryOf(Library library);

    }

    public static class MediaLibrary extends Library {

        @Override
        boolean isParentLibraryOf(Library library) {
            return library instanceof MediaLibrary;
        }
    }

    public static class TvLibrary extends MediaLibrary {
        // TvLibrary specific implementation of the 'isParentLibraryOf' method
    }
}
1 There must be exactly one constructor of a custom Permission class. The first parameter is always considered to be a permission name and must be of type String. Quarkus can optionally pass permission actions to the constructor. For this to happen, declare the second parameter as String[].

The LibraryPermission class permits access to the current or parent library if SecurityIdentity is allowed to perform one of the required actions, for example, read, write, or list.

The following example shows how the LibraryPermission class can be used:

package org.acme.library;

import io.quarkus.security.PermissionsAllowed;
import jakarta.enterprise.context.ApplicationScoped;
import org.acme.library.LibraryPermission.Library;

@ApplicationScoped
public class LibraryService {

    @PermissionsAllowed(value = "tv:write", permission = LibraryPermission.class) (1)
    public Library updateLibrary(String newDesc, Library library) {
        library.description = newDesc;
        return library;
    }

    @PermissionsAllowed(value = "tv:write", permission = LibraryPermission.class) (2)
    @PermissionsAllowed(value = {"tv:read", "tv:list"}, permission = LibraryPermission.class)
    public Library migrateLibrary(Library migrate, Library library) {
        // migrate libraries
        return library;
    }

}
1 The formal parameter library is identified as the parameter matching same-named LibraryPermission constructor parameter. Therefore, Quarkus will pass the library parameter to the LibraryPermission class constructor. However, the LibraryPermission must be instantiated each time the updateLibrary method is invoked.
2 Here, the second Library parameter matches the name library, while the migrate parameter is ignored during the LibraryPermission permission instantiation.
Example of a resource secured with the LibraryPermission
package org.acme.library;

import io.quarkus.security.PermissionsAllowed;
import jakarta.inject.Inject;
import jakarta.ws.rs.PUT;
import jakarta.ws.rs.Path;
import jakarta.ws.rs.PathParam;
import org.acme.library.LibraryPermission.Library;

@Path("/library")
public class LibraryResource {

    @Inject
    LibraryService libraryService;

    @PermissionsAllowed(value = "tv:write", permission = LibraryPermission.class)
    @PUT
    @Path("/id/{id}")
    public Library updateLibrary(@PathParam("id") Integer id, Library library) {
        ...
    }

    @PUT
    @Path("/service-way/id/{id}")
    public Library updateLibrarySvc(@PathParam("id") Integer id, Library library) {
        String newDescription = "new description " + id;
        return libraryService.updateLibrary(newDescription, library);
    }

}

Similarly to the CRUDResource example, the following example shows how you can grant a user with the admin role permissions to update MediaLibrary:

package org.acme.library;

import io.quarkus.runtime.annotations.RegisterForReflection;

@RegisterForReflection (1)
public class MediaLibraryPermission extends LibraryPermission {

    public MediaLibraryPermission(String libraryName, String[] actions) {
        super(libraryName, actions, new MediaLibrary());    (2)
    }

}
1 When building a native executable, the permission class must be registered for reflection unless it is also used in at least one io.quarkus.security.PermissionsAllowed#name parameter. More details about the @RegisterForReflection annotation can be found on the native application tips page.
2 We want to pass the MediaLibrary instance to the LibraryPermission constructor. 
quarkus.http.auth.policy.role-policy3.permissions.admin=media-library:list,media-library:read,media-library:write   (1)
quarkus.http.auth.policy.role-policy3.permission-class=org.acme.library.MediaLibraryPermission
quarkus.http.auth.permission.roles3.paths=/library/*
quarkus.http.auth.permission.roles3.policy=role-policy3
1 Grants the permission media-library, which permits read, write, and list actions. Because MediaLibrary is the TvLibrary class parent, a user with the admin role is also permitted to modify TvLibrary.
The /library/* path can be tested from a Keycloak provider Dev UI page, because the user alice which is created automatically by the Dev Services for Keycloak has an admin role.

The examples provided so far demonstrate role-to-permission mapping. It is also possible to programmatically add permissions to the SecurityIdentity instance. In the following example, SecurityIdentity is customized to add the same permission that was previously granted with the HTTP role-based policy.

Example of adding the LibraryPermission programmatically to SecurityIdentity
import java.security.Permission;

import jakarta.enterprise.context.ApplicationScoped;

import io.quarkus.security.identity.AuthenticationRequestContext;
import io.quarkus.security.identity.SecurityIdentity;
import io.quarkus.security.identity.SecurityIdentityAugmentor;
import io.quarkus.security.runtime.QuarkusSecurityIdentity;
import io.smallrye.mutiny.Uni;

@ApplicationScoped
public class PermissionsIdentityAugmentor implements SecurityIdentityAugmentor {

    @Override
    public Uni<SecurityIdentity> augment(SecurityIdentity identity, AuthenticationRequestContext context) {
        if (isNotAdmin(identity)) {
            return Uni.createFrom().item(identity);
        }
        return Uni.createFrom().item(build(identity));
    }

    private boolean isNotAdmin(SecurityIdentity identity) {
        return identity.isAnonymous() || !"admin".equals(identity.getPrincipal().getName());
    }

    SecurityIdentity build(SecurityIdentity identity) {
        return QuarkusSecurityIdentity.builder(identity)
                .addPermission(new MediaLibraryPermission("media-library", new String[] { "read", "write", "list"}); (1)
                .build();
    }

}
1 Add a media-library permission that was created can perform read, write, and list actions. Because MediaLibrary is the TvLibrary class parent, a user with the admin role is also permitted to modify TvLibrary.
Annotation-based permissions do not work with custom Jakarta REST SecurityContexts because there are no permissions in jakarta.ws.rs.core.SecurityContext.

Create permission checkers

By default, SecurityIdentity must be configured with permissions which can be used to check if this identity passes @PermissionAllowed authorization restrictions. Alternatively, you can use a @PermissionChecker annotation to mark any CDI bean method as a permission checker. The @PermissionChecker annotation value should match required permission declared by the @PermissionsAllowed annotation value. For example, a permission checker can be created like this:

package org.acme.security.rest.resource;

import io.quarkus.security.PermissionChecker;
import io.quarkus.security.PermissionsAllowed;
import io.quarkus.security.identity.SecurityIdentity;
import jakarta.ws.rs.POST;
import jakarta.ws.rs.Path;

import org.jboss.resteasy.reactive.RestForm;
import org.jboss.resteasy.reactive.RestPath;

@Path("/project/{projectName}")
public class ProjectResource {

    @PermissionsAllowed("rename-project") (1)
    @POST
    public void renameProject(@RestPath String projectName, @RestForm String newName) {
        Project project = Project.findByName(projectName);
        project.name = newName;
    }

    @PermissionChecker("rename-project") (2)
    boolean canRenameProject(SecurityIdentity identity, String projectName) { (3) (4)
        var principalName = identity.getPrincipal().getName();
        var user = User.getUserByName(principalName);
        return userOwnsProject(projectName, user);
    }
}
1 The permission required to access the ProjectResource#renameProject is the rename-project permission.
2 The ProjectResource#canRenameProject method authorizes access to the ProjectResource#renameProject endpoint.
3 The SecurityIdentity instance can be injected into any permission checker method.
4 In this example, the rename-project permission checker is declared on the same resource. However, there is no restriction on where this permission checker can be declared as demonstrated in the next example.
Permission checker methods can be declared on a normal scoped CDI bean or on a @Singleton bean. The @Dependent CDI bean scope is currently not supported.

The permission checker above requires the SecurityIdentity instance to authorize the renameProject endpoint. Instead of declaring the rename-project permission checker directly on the resource, you can declare it on any CDI bean like in this example:

package org.acme.security.rest.resource;

import io.quarkus.security.PermissionChecker;
import jakarta.enterprise.context.ApplicationScoped;
import jakarta.inject.Inject;

@ApplicationScoped (1)
public class ProjectPermissionChecker {

    @PermissionChecker("rename-project")
    boolean canRenameProject(String projectName, SecurityIdentity identity) {   (2)
        var principalName = identity.getPrincipal().getName();
        var user = User.getUserByName(principalName);
        return userOwnsProject(projectName, user);
    }

}
1 A CDI bean with the permission checker must be either a normal scoped bean or a @Singleton bean.
2 The permission checker method must return either boolean or Uni<Boolean>. Private checker methods are not supported.
Permission checks run by default on event loops. Annotate a permission checker method with the io.smallrye.common.annotation.Blocking annotation if you want to run the check on a worker thread.

Create permission meta-annotations

@PermissionsAllowed can also be used in meta-annotations. For example, a new @CanWrite security annotation can be created like this:

import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;

import io.quarkus.security.PermissionsAllowed;

@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target({ ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.TYPE })
@PermissionsAllowed(value = "write", permission = CustomPermission.class) (1)
public @interface CanWrite {

}
1 Any method or class annotated with the @CanWrite annotation is secured with this @PermissionsAllowed annotation instance.

Pass @BeanParam parameters into a custom permission

Quarkus can map fields of a secured method parameters to a custom permission constructor parameters. You can use this feature to pass jakarta.ws.rs.BeanParam parameters into your custom permission. Let’s consider following Jakarta REST resource:

package org.acme.security.rest.resource;

import io.quarkus.security.PermissionsAllowed;
import jakarta.ws.rs.BeanParam;
import jakarta.ws.rs.GET;
import jakarta.ws.rs.Path;

@Path("/hello")
public class HelloResource {

    @PermissionsAllowed(value = "say-hello", params = "beanParam.securityContext.userPrincipal.name") (1)
    @GET
    public String sayHello(@BeanParam SimpleBeanParam beanParam) {
        return "Hello from " + beanParam.uriInfo.getPath();
    }

}
1 The params annotation attribute specifies that user principal name should be passed to the BeanParamPermissionChecker#canSayHello method. Other BeanParamPermissionChecker#canSayHello method parameters like customAuthorizationHeader and query are matched automatically. Quarkus identifies the BeanParamPermissionChecker#canSayHello method parameters among beanParam fields and their public accessors. To avoid ambiguous resolution, automatic detection only works for the beanParam fields. For that reason, we had to specify path to the user principal name explicitly.

Where the SimpleBeanParam class is declared like in the example below:

package org.acme.security.rest.dto;

import java.util.List;

import jakarta.ws.rs.HeaderParam;
import jakarta.ws.rs.QueryParam;
import jakarta.ws.rs.core.Context;
import jakarta.ws.rs.core.SecurityContext;
import jakarta.ws.rs.core.UriInfo;

public class SimpleBeanParam {

    @HeaderParam("CustomAuthorization")
    private String customAuthorizationHeader;

    @Context
    SecurityContext securityContext;

    @Context
    public UriInfo uriInfo;

    @QueryParam("query")
    public String query;    (1)

    public SecurityContext getSecurityContext() { (2)
        return securityContext;
    }

    public String customAuthorizationHeader() { (3)
        return customAuthorizationHeader;
    }
}
1 Quarkus Security can only pass public fields to a custom permission constructor.
2 Quarkus Security automatically uses public getter methods if they are available.
3 The customAuthorizationHeader field is not public, therefore Quarkus access this field with the customAuthorizationHeader accessor. That is particularly useful with Java records, where generated accessors are not prefixed with get.

Here is an example of a @PermissionChecker method that checks the say-hello permission based on a user principal, custom header and query parameter:

package org.acme.security.permission;

import jakarta.enterprise.context.ApplicationScoped;
import io.quarkus.security.PermissionChecker;

@ApplicationScoped
public class BeanParamPermissionChecker {

    @PermissionChecker("say-hello")
    boolean canSayHello(String customAuthorizationHeader, String name, String query) {
        boolean queryParamAllowedForPermissionName = checkQueryParams(query);
        boolean usernameWhitelisted = isUserNameWhitelisted(name);
        boolean customAuthorizationMatches = checkCustomAuthorization(customAuthorizationHeader);
        return queryParamAllowedForPermissionName && usernameWhitelisted && customAuthorizationMatches;
    }

    ...
}
You can pass @BeanParam directly into a @PermissionChecker method and access its fields programmatically. Ability to reference @BeanParam fields with the @PermissionsAllowed#params attribute is useful when you have multiple differently structured @BeanParam classes.

References

Related content

On the same extensions

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