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TLS registry reference

The TLS Registry is a Quarkus extension that centralizes TLS configuration, making it easier to manage and maintain secure connections across your application. When defining TLS configurations in a single centralized location, you can use the TLS Registry to reference these configurations from multiple components within the application, which ensures consistency and reduces the potential for configuration errors.

The TLS Registry consolidates settings and supports multiple named configurations. Therefore, you can tailor TLS settings for different application parts. This flexibility is particularly useful when different components require distinct security configurations.

The TLS Registry extension is automatically included in your project when you use compatible extensions, such as Quarkus REST, gRPC, SmallRye GraphQL Client , or Reactive Routes .

As a result, applications that use the TLS Registry can be ready to handle secure communications out of the box. TLS Registry also provides features like automatic certificate reloading, Let’s Encrypt (ACME) integration, Kubernetes Cert-Manager support, and compatibility with various keystore formats, such as PKCS12, PEM, and JKS.

1. Using the TLS registry

To configure a TLS connection, including key and truststores, use the quarkus.tls.* properties. These properties are required for:

  • Setting up the default TLS configuration, defined directly under quarkus.tls.*

  • Creating separate, named configurations by using quarkus.tls.<name>.*. By specifying the quarkus.tls.<name>.* properties, you can adapt the TLS settings for a specific component.

1.1. Configuring HTTPS for a HTTP server

To ensure secure client-server communication, the client is often required to verify the server’s authenticity.

  • The server must use a keystore that contains its certificate and private key

  • The client needs to be configured with a truststore to validate the server’s certificate

During the TLS handshake, the server presents its certificate, which the client then validates. This prevents man-in-the-middle attacks and secures data transmission.

The following sections guide you through setting up HTTPS by using PEM or PKCS12 keystore types. In addition, they provide information on how to use named configurations to specify and manage multiple TLS setups at once, which makes it possible for you to define distinct settings for each.

Use one of the following configuration examples based on your keystore type:

  • By using PEM files:

    quarkus.tls.key-store.pem.0.cert=server.crt
quarkus.tls.key-store.pem.0.key=server.key
quarkus.http.insecure-requests=disabled # Reject HTTP requests

  • By using a p12 (PKCS12) keystore:

    quarkus.tls.key-store.p12.path=server-keystore.p12
quarkus.tls.key-store.p12.password=secret
quarkus.http.insecure-requests=disabled # Reject HTTP requests

  • Distinguishing multiple configurations with names:

    quarkus.tls.https.key-store.p12.path=server-keystore.p12
quarkus.tls.https.key-store.p12.password=secret
quarkus.http.insecure-requests=disabled
quarkus.http.tls-configuration-name=https

1.2. Configuring HTTPS for a client

The following example configures a gRPC client named "hello" to use HTTPS with a truststore from the default TLS configuration:

quarkus.tls.trust-store.jks.path=grpc-client-truststore.jks
quarkus.tls.trust-store.jks.password=password

quarkus.grpc.clients.hello.plain-text=false
quarkus.grpc.clients.hello.use-quarkus-grpc-client=true

1.3. Configuring mTLS

To set up mutual TLS (mTLS) in your Quarkus application, configure the server and the client by creating and managing both a keystore and a truststore for each:

  • Server keystore: Contains the server’s certificate and private key.

  • Client keystore: Contains the client’s certificate and private key.

  • Server truststore: Stores the client’s certificate for authenticating the client.

  • Client truststore: Stores the server’s certificate for authenticating the server.

    An example configuration for specifying keystores and truststores:
    quarkus.tls.my-server.key-store.p12.path=target/certs/grpc-keystore.p12
quarkus.tls.my-server.key-store.p12.password=password
quarkus.tls.my-server.trust-store.p12.path=target/certs/grpc-server-truststore.p12
quarkus.tls.my-server.trust-store.p12.password=password

quarkus.tls.my-client.trust-store.p12.path=target/certs/grpc-client-truststore.p12
quarkus.tls.my-client.trust-store.p12.password=password
quarkus.tls.my-client.key-store.p12.path=target/certs/grpc-client-keystore.p12
quarkus.tls.my-client.key-store.p12.password=password

quarkus.grpc.clients.hello.plain-text=false
quarkus.grpc.clients.hello.tls-configuration-name=my-client
quarkus.grpc.clients.hello.use-quarkus-grpc-client=true

quarkus.http.ssl.client-auth=REQUIRED # Enable mTLS
quarkus.http.insecure-requests=disabled
quarkus.http.tls-configuration-name=my-server
quarkus.grpc.server.use-separate-server=false
quarkus.grpc.server.plain-text=false

    This configuration enables mTLS by ensuring that both the server and client validate each other’s certificates, which provides an additional layer of security.

2. Referencing a TLS configuration

To reference an example named configuration that you created by using the quarkus.tls.<name>.* properties as explained in Using the TLS registry , use the tls-configuration-name property as shown in the following examples:

Example configuration for the core HTTP server:
# Reference the named configuration
quarkus.http.tls-configuration-name=MY_TLS_CONFIGURATION
Example configuration for a gRPC client:
quarkus.grpc.clients.hello.tls-configuration-name=MY_TLS_CONFIGURATION
Example configuration for a SmallRye GraphQL client:
quarkus.smallrye-graphql-client.my-client.tls-configuration-name=MY_TLS_CONFIGURATION

When using the Typesafe GraphQL client with a certificate reloading mechanism (see Reloading certificates), it is essential to override the bean’s scope to RequestScoped (or another similar scope shorter than application). This is because by default, the Typesafe client is an application-scoped bean, so shortening the scope guarantees that new instances of the bean created after a certificate reload will be configured with the latest certificate. Dynamic clients are @Dependent scoped, so you should inject them into components with an appropriate scope.

3. Configuring TLS

TLS configuration primarily involves managing keystores and truststores. The specific setup depends on the format used, such as PEM, P12, or JKS.

The following sections outline the various properties available for configuring TLS.

3.1. Key stores

Key stores are used to store private keys and the certificates. They are mainly used on the server side but can also be used on the client side when mTLS is used.

3.1.1. PEM keystores

Privacy Enhanced Mail (PEM) keystores are composed of a list of file pairs:

  • The certificate file - a .crt or .pem file

  • The private key file - often a .key file

To configure a PEM keystore:

quarkus.tls.key-store.pem.a.cert=server.crt
quarkus.tls.key-store.pem.a.key=server.key
quarkus.tls.key-store.pem.b.cert=my-second-cert.crt
quarkus.tls.key-store.pem.b.key=my-second-key.key

In most cases, you only need a single pair consisting of a certificate and a private key. Even if the certificate is part of a certificate chain, it includes only one private key that corresponds to the end-entity certificate.

When multiple pairs are configured, the selection of one of the configured pairs of certificates and private keys is based on Server Name Indication (SNI). The client sends the name of the server to which the client is attempting to connect, and the server selects the appropriate pair of certificates and private keys. To use this feature, ensure that SNI is enabled on both the client and server.

When configuring multiple key pairs or certificate pairs, the server executes the configured pairs in a lexicographical order of their names by default, as demonstrated with store.pem.a and store.pem.b in the previous example. The pair with the lowest lexicographical order is executed first. To change this, you can define the order by using the quarkus.tls.key-store.pem.order property. For example, quarkus.tls.key-store.pem.order=b,c,a.

This setting is important when using SNI, because it uses the first specified pair as the default.

3.1.2. PKCS12 keystores

PKCS12 keystores are single files that contain the certificate and the private key.

To configure a PKCS12 keystore:

quarkus.tls.key-store.p12.path=server-keystore.p12
quarkus.tls.key-store.p12.password=secret

.p12 files are password-protected, so you need to provide the password to open the keystore.

These files can include more than one certificate and private key. If this is the case, take either of the following actions:

  • Provide and configure the alias of the certificate and the private key you want to use:

    quarkus.tls.key-store.p12.path=server-keystore.p12
quarkus.tls.key-store.p12.password=secret
quarkus.tls.key-store.p12.alias=my-alias
quarkus.tls.key-store.p12.alias-password=my-alias-password

  • Alternatively, use SNI to select the appropriate certificate and private key. Note that all keys must use the same password.

3.1.3. JKS keystores

JKS keystores are single files that contain the certificate and the private key for the server or client, used to authenticate and establish secure communications in TLS/SSL connections.

JKS is an old but still widely used Java-specific format. However, to work with this format, you must use specific, and nowadays also deprecated, Java tooling. Thus, its use with your Quarkus application is not recommended.

Additionally, OpenShift cert-manager or Let’s Encrypt does not typically provide JKS and remains PEM-only.

To configure a JKS keystore:

quarkus.tls.key-store.jks.path=server-keystore.jks
quarkus.tls.key-store.jks.password=secret

.jks files are password-protected, so you need to provide the password to open the keystore. Also, they can include more than one certificate and private key. If this is the case:

  • Provide and configure the alias of the certificate and the private key you want to use:

    quarkus.tls.key-store.jks.path=server-keystore.jks
quarkus.tls.key-store.jks.password=secret
quarkus.tls.key-store.jks.alias=my-alias
quarkus.tls.key-store.jks.alias-password=my-alias-password

  • Alternatively, use SNI to select the appropriate certificate and private key. Note that all keys must use the same password.

3.1.4. SNI

Server Name Indication (SNI) is a TLS extension that makes it possible for a client to specify the host name to which it attempts to connect during the TLS handshake. SNI enables a server to present different TLS certificates for multiple domains on a single IP address, which facilitates secure communication for virtual hosting scenarios.

To enable SNI:

quarkus.tls.key-store.sni=true # Disabled by default

With SNI enabled, the client indicates the server name during the TLS handshake, which allows the server to select the appropriate certificate:

  • When configuring the keystore with PEM files, multiple certificate (CRT) and key files must be provided. CRT is a common file extension for X.509 certificate files, typically in PEM (Privacy-Enhanced Mail) format. These files contain the public certificate.

  • When configuring the keystore with a JKS or P12 file, the server selects the appropriate certificate based on the SNI host name provided by the client during the TLS handshake. The server matches the SNI hostname with the common name (CN) or subject alternative names (SAN) configured in the certificates stored in the keystore. All keystore and alias passwords must be identical.

3.1.5. Credential providers

You can use a credential provider instead of passing the keystore password and alias password in the configuration.

A credential provider offers a way to retrieve the keystore and alias password. Note that the credential provider is only used if the password or alias password is not set in the configuration.

To configure a credential provider:

# The name of the credential bucket in the credentials provider
quarkus.tls.key-store.credentials-provider.name=my-credentials

# The name of the bean providing the credential provider (optional, using the default credential provider if not set)
quarkus.tls.key-store.credentials-provider.bean-name=my-credentials-provider

# The key used to retrieve the keystore password, `password` by default
quarkus.tls.key-store.credentials-provider.password-key=password

# The key used to retrieve the alias password, `alias-password` by default
quarkus.tls.key-store.credentials-provider.alias-password-key=alias-password
The credential provider can only be used with PKCS12 and JKS keystores.

3.2. Trust stores

Trust stores are used to store the certificates of the trusted parties. In regular TLS, the client uses a truststore to authenticate the server. With mutual TLS (mTLS), both the server and the client use truststores to authenticate each other.

3.2.1. PEM truststores

PEM truststores are composed of a list of .crt or .pem files. Each of them contains a certificate.

To configure a PEM truststore:

quarkus.tls.trust-store.pem.certs=ca.crt,ca2.pem

3.2.2. PKCS12 truststores

PKCS12 truststores are a single file containing the certificates. You can use the alias to select the appropriate certificate when multiple certificates are included.

To configure a PKCS12 truststore:

quarkus.tls.trust-store.p12.path=client-truststore.p12
quarkus.tls.trust-store.p12.password=password
quarkus.tls.trust-store.p12.alias=my-alias

.p12 files are password-protected, so you need to provide the password to open the truststore. However, unlike keystores, the alias does not require a password because it contains a public certificate, not a private key.

3.2.3. JKS truststores

JKS truststores are single files that contain multiple certificates. You can use the alias to select the appropriate certificate when multiple certificates are present. However, avoid using the JKS format, because it is less secure than PKCS12.

To configure a JKS truststore:

quarkus.tls.trust-store.jks.path=client-truststore.jks
quarkus.tls.trust-store.jks.password=password
quarkus.tls.trust-store.jks.alias=my-alias

.jks files are password-protected, so you need to provide the password to open the truststore. However, unlike keystores, the alias does not require a password because it contains a public certificate, not a private key.

3.2.4. Credential providers

Instead of passing the truststore password in the configuration, you can use a credential provider. A credential provider allows you to retrieve passwords and other credentials. Note that the credential provider is used only if the password is not set in the configuration.

To configure a credential provider:

# The name of the credential bucket in the credentials provider
quarkus.tls.trust-store.credentials-provider.name=my-credentials

# The name of the bean providing the credential provider (optional, using the default credential provider if not set)
quarkus.tls.trust-store.credentials-provider.bean-name=my-credentials-provider

# The key used to retrieve the truststore password, `password` by default
quarkus.tls.trust-store.credentials-provider.password-key=password
The credential provider can only be used with PKCS12 and JKS truststores.

3.3. Other properties

While keystores and truststores are the most important properties, there are other properties you can use to configure TLS.

While the following examples use the default configuration, you can use the named configuration by prefixing the properties with the configuration’s name.

3.3.1. Cipher suites

Cipher suites are a list of ciphers that you can use during the TLS handshake. You can configure an ordered list of enabled cipher suites. If not configured, a reasonable default is selected from the built-in ciphers. However, when specified, your configuration precedes the default suite defined by the SSL engine in use.

To configure the cipher suites:

quarkus.tls.cipher-suites=TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384

3.3.2. TLS protocol versions

The TLS protocol versions are the list of protocols that can be used during the TLS handshake. Enabled TLS protocol versions are specified as an ordered list separated by commas. The relevant configuration property is quarkus.tls.protocols (or quarkus.tls.<name>.protocols for named TLS configurations). It defaults to TLSv1.3, TLSv1.2 if not configured.

The available options are TLSv1, TLSv1.1, TLSv1.2, and TLSv1.3.

For example, to only enable TLSv1.3:

quarkus.tls.protocols=TLSv1.3

3.3.3. Handshake timeout

When a TLS connection is established, the handshake phase is the first step. During this phase, the client and server exchange information to establish the connection, which typically includes the cipher suite, the TLS protocol version, and the certification validation.

To configure the timeout for the handshake phase:

quarkus.tls.handshake-timeout=10S # Default.

3.3.4. ALPN

Application-Layer Protocol Negotiation (ALPN) is a TLS extension that allows the client and server to negotiate which protocol they will use for communication during the TLS handshake. ALPN enables more efficient communication by allowing the client to indicate its preferred application protocol to the server before establishing the TLS connection.

This helps in scenarios like HTTP/2, where multiple protocols might be available, allowing for faster protocol selection.

ALPN is enabled by default.

  • To disable it:

    quarkus.tls.alpn=false
    Disabling ALPN is not recommended for non-experts, as it can lead to performance degradation, protocol negotiation issues, and unexpected behavior, particularly with protocols like HTTP/2. However, disabling ALPN can be useful for diagnosing native inconsistencies or testing performance in specific edge cases where protocol negotiation causes conflicts.

3.3.5. Certificate Revocation List (CRL)

A Certificate Revocation List (CRL) is a list of certificates that the issuing Certificate Authority (CA) revoked before their scheduled expiration date. When a certificate is compromised, no longer needed, or deemed invalid, the CA adds it to the CRL to inform relying parties not to trust it anymore.

You can configure the CRL with the list of certificate files you no longer trust by using the DER or PKCS#7 (P7B) formats.

  • For the DER format, pass DER-encoded CRLs.

  • For the PKCS#7 format, pass the SignedData object, where the only significant field is crls.

To configure the CRL:

quarkus.tls.certificate-revocation-list=ca.crl, ca2.crl

3.3.6. Trusting all certificates and hostname verification

You can configure your TLS connection to trust all certificates and disable the hostname verification. Note that these are two different processes:

  • Trusting all certificates ignores the certificate validation, so all certificates are trusted. This method is useful for testing with self-signed certificates, but it should not be used in production.

  • Hostname verification is the process of verifying the server’s identity.

It is useful to prevent man-in-the-middle attacks and often defaults to HTTPS or LDAPS.

These two properties should not be used in production.

To trust all certificates:

quarkus.tls.trust-all=true

To disable hostname verification:

quarkus.tls.hostname-verification-algorithm=NONE

3.4. Configuration reference

The following table lists the supported properties:

Configuration property fixed at build time - All other configuration properties are overridable at runtime

Configuration property

Type

Default

quarkus.tls.lets-encrypt.enabled

Set to true to enable let’s encrypt support.

Environment variable: QUARKUS_TLS_LETS_ENCRYPT_ENABLED

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boolean

false

quarkus.tls.key-store.pem.order

The order of the key/cert files, based on the names in the keyCerts map.

By default, Quarkus sorts the key using a lexicographical order. This property allows you to specify the order of the key/cert files.

Environment variable: QUARKUS_TLS_KEY_STORE_PEM_ORDER

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list of string

quarkus.tls.key-store.p12.path

Path to the key store file (P12 / PFX format).

Environment variable: QUARKUS_TLS_KEY_STORE_P12_PATH

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path

required

quarkus.tls.key-store.p12.password

Password of the key store. When not set, the password must be retrieved from the credential provider.

Environment variable: QUARKUS_TLS_KEY_STORE_P12_PASSWORD

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string

quarkus.tls.key-store.p12.alias

Alias of the private key and certificate in the key store.

Environment variable: QUARKUS_TLS_KEY_STORE_P12_ALIAS

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string

quarkus.tls.key-store.p12.alias-password

Password of the alias in the key store. If not set, the password will be retrieved from the credential provider.

Environment variable: QUARKUS_TLS_KEY_STORE_P12_ALIAS_PASSWORD

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string

quarkus.tls.key-store.p12.provider

Provider of the key store.

Environment variable: QUARKUS_TLS_KEY_STORE_P12_PROVIDER

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string

quarkus.tls.key-store.jks.path

Path to the keystore file (JKS format).

Environment variable: QUARKUS_TLS_KEY_STORE_JKS_PATH

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path

required

quarkus.tls.key-store.jks.password

Password of the key store. When not set, the password must be retrieved from the credential provider.

Environment variable: QUARKUS_TLS_KEY_STORE_JKS_PASSWORD

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string

quarkus.tls.key-store.jks.alias

Alias of the private key and certificate in the key store.

Environment variable: QUARKUS_TLS_KEY_STORE_JKS_ALIAS

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string

quarkus.tls.key-store.jks.alias-password

Password of the alias in the key store. When not set, the password may be retrieved from the credential provider.

Environment variable: QUARKUS_TLS_KEY_STORE_JKS_ALIAS_PASSWORD

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string

quarkus.tls.key-store.jks.provider

Provider of the key store.

Environment variable: QUARKUS_TLS_KEY_STORE_JKS_PROVIDER

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string

quarkus.tls.key-store.sni

Enables Server Name Indication (SNI).

Server Name Indication (SNI) is a TLS extension that allows a client to specify the hostname it is attempting to connect to during the TLS handshake. This enables a server to present different SSL certificates for multiple domains on a single IP address, facilitating secure communication for virtual hosting scenarios.

With this setting enabled, the client indicate the server name during the TLS handshake, allowing the server to select the right certificate.

When configuring the keystore with PEM files, multiple CRT/Key must be given. When configuring the keystore with a JKS or a P12 file, it selects one alias based on the SNI hostname. In this case, all the keystore password and alias password must be the same (configured with the password and alias-password properties. Do not set the alias property.

Environment variable: QUARKUS_TLS_KEY_STORE_SNI

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boolean

false

quarkus.tls.key-store.credentials-provider.name

The name of the "credential" bucket (map key → passwords) to retrieve from the io.quarkus.credentials.CredentialsProvider. If not set, the credential provider will not be used.

A credential provider offers a way to retrieve the key store password as well as alias password. Note that the credential provider is only used if the passwords are not set in the configuration.

Environment variable: QUARKUS_TLS_KEY_STORE_CREDENTIALS_PROVIDER_NAME

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string

quarkus.tls.key-store.credentials-provider.bean-name

The name of the bean providing the credential provider.

The name is used to select the credential provider to use. The credential provider must be exposed as a CDI bean and with the @Named annotation set to the configured name to be selected.

If not set, the default credential provider is used.

Environment variable: QUARKUS_TLS_KEY_STORE_CREDENTIALS_PROVIDER_BEAN_NAME

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string

quarkus.tls.key-store.credentials-provider.password-key

The key used to retrieve the key store password.

If the selected credential provider does not support the key, the password is not retrieved. Otherwise, the retrieved value is used to open the key store.

Environment variable: QUARKUS_TLS_KEY_STORE_CREDENTIALS_PROVIDER_PASSWORD_KEY

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string

password

quarkus.tls.key-store.credentials-provider.alias-password-key

The key used to retrieve the key store alias password.

If the selected credential provider does not contain the key, the alias password is not retrieved. Otherwise, the retrieved value is used to access the alias private key from the key store.

Environment variable: QUARKUS_TLS_KEY_STORE_CREDENTIALS_PROVIDER_ALIAS_PASSWORD_KEY

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string

alias-password

quarkus.tls.trust-store.pem.certs

List of the trusted cert paths (Pem format).

Environment variable: QUARKUS_TLS_TRUST_STORE_PEM_CERTS

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list of path

quarkus.tls.trust-store.p12.path

Path to the trust store file (P12 / PFX format).

Environment variable: QUARKUS_TLS_TRUST_STORE_P12_PATH

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path

required

quarkus.tls.trust-store.p12.password

Password of the trust store. If not set, the password must be retrieved from the credential provider.

Environment variable: QUARKUS_TLS_TRUST_STORE_P12_PASSWORD

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string

quarkus.tls.trust-store.p12.alias

Alias of the trust store.

Environment variable: QUARKUS_TLS_TRUST_STORE_P12_ALIAS

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string

quarkus.tls.trust-store.p12.provider

Provider of the trust store.

Environment variable: QUARKUS_TLS_TRUST_STORE_P12_PROVIDER

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string

quarkus.tls.trust-store.jks.path

Path to the trust store file (JKS format).

Environment variable: QUARKUS_TLS_TRUST_STORE_JKS_PATH

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path

required

quarkus.tls.trust-store.jks.password

Password of the trust store. If not set, the password must be retrieved from the credential provider.

Environment variable: QUARKUS_TLS_TRUST_STORE_JKS_PASSWORD

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string

quarkus.tls.trust-store.jks.alias

Alias of the key in the trust store.

Environment variable: QUARKUS_TLS_TRUST_STORE_JKS_ALIAS

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string

quarkus.tls.trust-store.jks.provider

Provider of the trust store.

Environment variable: QUARKUS_TLS_TRUST_STORE_JKS_PROVIDER

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string

quarkus.tls.trust-store.credentials-provider.name

The name of the "credential" bucket (map key → passwords) to retrieve from the io.quarkus.credentials.CredentialsProvider. If not set, the credential provider will not be used.

A credential provider offers a way to retrieve the key store password as well as alias password. Note that the credential provider is only used if the passwords are not set in the configuration.

Environment variable: QUARKUS_TLS_TRUST_STORE_CREDENTIALS_PROVIDER_NAME

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string

quarkus.tls.trust-store.credentials-provider.bean-name

The name of the bean providing the credential provider.

The name is used to select the credential provider to use. The credential provider must be exposed as a CDI bean and with the @Named annotation set to the configured name to be selected.

If not set, the default credential provider is used.

Environment variable: QUARKUS_TLS_TRUST_STORE_CREDENTIALS_PROVIDER_BEAN_NAME

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string

quarkus.tls.trust-store.credentials-provider.password-key

The key used to retrieve the trust store password.

If the selected credential provider does not contain the configured key, the password is not retrieved. Otherwise, the retrieved value is used to open the trust store.

Environment variable: QUARKUS_TLS_TRUST_STORE_CREDENTIALS_PROVIDER_PASSWORD_KEY

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string

password

quarkus.tls.cipher-suites

Sets the ordered list of enabled cipher suites. If none is given, a reasonable default is selected from the built-in ciphers.

When suites are set, it takes precedence over the default suite defined by the SSLEngineOptions in use.

Environment variable: QUARKUS_TLS_CIPHER_SUITES

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list of string

quarkus.tls.protocols

Sets the ordered list of enabled TLS protocols.

If not set, it defaults to "TLSv1.3, TLSv1.2". The following list of protocols are supported: TLSv1, TLSv1.1, TLSv1.2, TLSv1.3. To only enable TLSv1.3, set the value to to "TLSv1.3".

Note that setting an empty list, and enabling TLS is invalid. You must at least have one protocol.

Also, setting this replaces the default list of protocols.

Environment variable: QUARKUS_TLS_PROTOCOLS

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list of string

TLSv1.3,TLSv1.2

quarkus.tls.handshake-timeout

The timeout for the TLS handshake phase.

If not set, it defaults to 10 seconds.

Environment variable: QUARKUS_TLS_HANDSHAKE_TIMEOUT

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Duration 

10S

quarkus.tls.alpn

Enables the Application-Layer Protocol Negotiation (ALPN).

Application-Layer Protocol Negotiation is a TLS extension that allows the client and server during the TLS handshake to negotiate which protocol they will use for communication. ALPN enables more efficient communication by allowing the client to indicate its preferred application protocol to the server before the TLS connection is established. This helps in scenarios such as HTTP/2 where multiple protocols may be available, allowing for faster protocol selection.

Environment variable: QUARKUS_TLS_ALPN

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boolean

true

quarkus.tls.certificate-revocation-list

Sets the list of revoked certificates (paths to files).

A Certificate Revocation List (CRL) is a list of digital certificates that have been revoked by the issuing Certificate Authority (CA) before their scheduled expiration date. When a certificate is compromised, no longer needed, or deemed invalid for any reason, the CA adds it to the CRL to inform relying parties not to trust the certificate anymore.

Two formats are allowed: DER and PKCS#7 (also known as P7B). When using the DER format, you must pass DER-encoded CRLs. When using the PKCS#7 format, you must pass PKCS#7 SignedData object, with the only significant field being crls.

Environment variable: QUARKUS_TLS_CERTIFICATE_REVOCATION_LIST

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list of path

quarkus.tls.trust-all

If set to true, the server trusts all certificates.

This is useful for testing, but should not be used in production.

Environment variable: QUARKUS_TLS_TRUST_ALL

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boolean

false

quarkus.tls.hostname-verification-algorithm

The hostname verification algorithm to use in case the server’s identity should be checked. Should be HTTPS (default), LDAPS or an NONE.

If set to NONE, it does not verify the hostname.

If not set, the configured extension decides the default algorithm to use. For example, for HTTP, it will be "HTTPS". For TCP, it can depend on the protocol. Nevertheless, it is recommended to set it to "HTTPS" or "LDAPS".

Environment variable: QUARKUS_TLS_HOSTNAME_VERIFICATION_ALGORITHM

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string

quarkus.tls.reload-period

When configured, the server will reload the certificates (from the file system for example) and fires a CertificateUpdatedEvent if the reload is successful

This property configures the period to reload the certificates. IF not set, the certificates won’t be reloaded automatically. However, the application can still trigger the reload manually using the io.quarkus.tls.TlsConfiguration#reload() method, and then fire the CertificateUpdatedEvent manually.

The fired event is used to notify the application that the certificates have been updated, and thus proceed with the actual switch of certificates.

Environment variable: QUARKUS_TLS_RELOAD_PERIOD

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Duration 

quarkus.tls.key-store.pem."key-certs".key

The path to the key file (in PEM format).

Environment variable: QUARKUS_TLS_KEY_STORE_PEM__KEY_CERTS__KEY

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path

required

quarkus.tls.key-store.pem."key-certs".cert

The path to the certificate file (in PEM format).

Environment variable: QUARKUS_TLS_KEY_STORE_PEM__KEY_CERTS__CERT

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path

required

quarkus.tls."tls-bucket-name".key-store.pem."key-certs".key

The path to the key file (in PEM format).

Environment variable: QUARKUS_TLS__TLS_BUCKET_NAME__KEY_STORE_PEM__KEY_CERTS__KEY

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path

required

quarkus.tls."tls-bucket-name".key-store.pem."key-certs".cert

The path to the certificate file (in PEM format).

Environment variable: QUARKUS_TLS__TLS_BUCKET_NAME__KEY_STORE_PEM__KEY_CERTS__CERT

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path

required

quarkus.tls."tls-bucket-name".key-store.pem.order

The order of the key/cert files, based on the names in the keyCerts map.

By default, Quarkus sorts the key using a lexicographical order. This property allows you to specify the order of the key/cert files.

Environment variable: QUARKUS_TLS__TLS_BUCKET_NAME__KEY_STORE_PEM_ORDER

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list of string

quarkus.tls."tls-bucket-name".key-store.p12.path

Path to the key store file (P12 / PFX format).

Environment variable: QUARKUS_TLS__TLS_BUCKET_NAME__KEY_STORE_P12_PATH

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path

required

quarkus.tls."tls-bucket-name".key-store.p12.password

Password of the key store. When not set, the password must be retrieved from the credential provider.

Environment variable: QUARKUS_TLS__TLS_BUCKET_NAME__KEY_STORE_P12_PASSWORD

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string

quarkus.tls."tls-bucket-name".key-store.p12.alias

Alias of the private key and certificate in the key store.

Environment variable: QUARKUS_TLS__TLS_BUCKET_NAME__KEY_STORE_P12_ALIAS

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string

quarkus.tls."tls-bucket-name".key-store.p12.alias-password

Password of the alias in the key store. If not set, the password will be retrieved from the credential provider.

Environment variable: QUARKUS_TLS__TLS_BUCKET_NAME__KEY_STORE_P12_ALIAS_PASSWORD

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string

quarkus.tls."tls-bucket-name".key-store.p12.provider

Provider of the key store.

Environment variable: QUARKUS_TLS__TLS_BUCKET_NAME__KEY_STORE_P12_PROVIDER

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string

quarkus.tls."tls-bucket-name".key-store.jks.path

Path to the keystore file (JKS format).

Environment variable: QUARKUS_TLS__TLS_BUCKET_NAME__KEY_STORE_JKS_PATH

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path

required

quarkus.tls."tls-bucket-name".key-store.jks.password

Password of the key store. When not set, the password must be retrieved from the credential provider.

Environment variable: QUARKUS_TLS__TLS_BUCKET_NAME__KEY_STORE_JKS_PASSWORD

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string

quarkus.tls."tls-bucket-name".key-store.jks.alias

Alias of the private key and certificate in the key store.

Environment variable: QUARKUS_TLS__TLS_BUCKET_NAME__KEY_STORE_JKS_ALIAS

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string

quarkus.tls."tls-bucket-name".key-store.jks.alias-password

Password of the alias in the key store. When not set, the password may be retrieved from the credential provider.

Environment variable: QUARKUS_TLS__TLS_BUCKET_NAME__KEY_STORE_JKS_ALIAS_PASSWORD

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string

quarkus.tls."tls-bucket-name".key-store.jks.provider

Provider of the key store.

Environment variable: QUARKUS_TLS__TLS_BUCKET_NAME__KEY_STORE_JKS_PROVIDER

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string

quarkus.tls."tls-bucket-name".key-store.sni

Enables Server Name Indication (SNI).

Server Name Indication (SNI) is a TLS extension that allows a client to specify the hostname it is attempting to connect to during the TLS handshake. This enables a server to present different SSL certificates for multiple domains on a single IP address, facilitating secure communication for virtual hosting scenarios.

With this setting enabled, the client indicate the server name during the TLS handshake, allowing the server to select the right certificate.

When configuring the keystore with PEM files, multiple CRT/Key must be given. When configuring the keystore with a JKS or a P12 file, it selects one alias based on the SNI hostname. In this case, all the keystore password and alias password must be the same (configured with the password and alias-password properties. Do not set the alias property.

Environment variable: QUARKUS_TLS__TLS_BUCKET_NAME__KEY_STORE_SNI

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boolean

false

quarkus.tls."tls-bucket-name".key-store.credentials-provider.name

The name of the "credential" bucket (map key → passwords) to retrieve from the io.quarkus.credentials.CredentialsProvider. If not set, the credential provider will not be used.

A credential provider offers a way to retrieve the key store password as well as alias password. Note that the credential provider is only used if the passwords are not set in the configuration.

Environment variable: QUARKUS_TLS__TLS_BUCKET_NAME__KEY_STORE_CREDENTIALS_PROVIDER_NAME

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string

quarkus.tls."tls-bucket-name".key-store.credentials-provider.bean-name

The name of the bean providing the credential provider.

The name is used to select the credential provider to use. The credential provider must be exposed as a CDI bean and with the @Named annotation set to the configured name to be selected.

If not set, the default credential provider is used.

Environment variable: QUARKUS_TLS__TLS_BUCKET_NAME__KEY_STORE_CREDENTIALS_PROVIDER_BEAN_NAME

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string

quarkus.tls."tls-bucket-name".key-store.credentials-provider.password-key

The key used to retrieve the key store password.

If the selected credential provider does not support the key, the password is not retrieved. Otherwise, the retrieved value is used to open the key store.

Environment variable: QUARKUS_TLS__TLS_BUCKET_NAME__KEY_STORE_CREDENTIALS_PROVIDER_PASSWORD_KEY

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string

password

quarkus.tls."tls-bucket-name".key-store.credentials-provider.alias-password-key

The key used to retrieve the key store alias password.

If the selected credential provider does not contain the key, the alias password is not retrieved. Otherwise, the retrieved value is used to access the alias private key from the key store.

Environment variable: QUARKUS_TLS__TLS_BUCKET_NAME__KEY_STORE_CREDENTIALS_PROVIDER_ALIAS_PASSWORD_KEY

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string

alias-password

quarkus.tls."tls-bucket-name".trust-store.pem.certs

List of the trusted cert paths (Pem format).

Environment variable: QUARKUS_TLS__TLS_BUCKET_NAME__TRUST_STORE_PEM_CERTS

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list of path

quarkus.tls."tls-bucket-name".trust-store.p12.path

Path to the trust store file (P12 / PFX format).

Environment variable: QUARKUS_TLS__TLS_BUCKET_NAME__TRUST_STORE_P12_PATH

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path

required

quarkus.tls."tls-bucket-name".trust-store.p12.password

Password of the trust store. If not set, the password must be retrieved from the credential provider.

Environment variable: QUARKUS_TLS__TLS_BUCKET_NAME__TRUST_STORE_P12_PASSWORD

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string

quarkus.tls."tls-bucket-name".trust-store.p12.alias

Alias of the trust store.

Environment variable: QUARKUS_TLS__TLS_BUCKET_NAME__TRUST_STORE_P12_ALIAS

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string

quarkus.tls."tls-bucket-name".trust-store.p12.provider

Provider of the trust store.

Environment variable: QUARKUS_TLS__TLS_BUCKET_NAME__TRUST_STORE_P12_PROVIDER

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string

quarkus.tls."tls-bucket-name".trust-store.jks.path

Path to the trust store file (JKS format).

Environment variable: QUARKUS_TLS__TLS_BUCKET_NAME__TRUST_STORE_JKS_PATH

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path

required

quarkus.tls."tls-bucket-name".trust-store.jks.password

Password of the trust store. If not set, the password must be retrieved from the credential provider.

Environment variable: QUARKUS_TLS__TLS_BUCKET_NAME__TRUST_STORE_JKS_PASSWORD

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string

quarkus.tls."tls-bucket-name".trust-store.jks.alias

Alias of the key in the trust store.

Environment variable: QUARKUS_TLS__TLS_BUCKET_NAME__TRUST_STORE_JKS_ALIAS

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string

quarkus.tls."tls-bucket-name".trust-store.jks.provider

Provider of the trust store.

Environment variable: QUARKUS_TLS__TLS_BUCKET_NAME__TRUST_STORE_JKS_PROVIDER

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string

quarkus.tls."tls-bucket-name".trust-store.credentials-provider.name

The name of the "credential" bucket (map key → passwords) to retrieve from the io.quarkus.credentials.CredentialsProvider. If not set, the credential provider will not be used.

A credential provider offers a way to retrieve the key store password as well as alias password. Note that the credential provider is only used if the passwords are not set in the configuration.

Environment variable: QUARKUS_TLS__TLS_BUCKET_NAME__TRUST_STORE_CREDENTIALS_PROVIDER_NAME

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string

quarkus.tls."tls-bucket-name".trust-store.credentials-provider.bean-name

The name of the bean providing the credential provider.

The name is used to select the credential provider to use. The credential provider must be exposed as a CDI bean and with the @Named annotation set to the configured name to be selected.

If not set, the default credential provider is used.

Environment variable: QUARKUS_TLS__TLS_BUCKET_NAME__TRUST_STORE_CREDENTIALS_PROVIDER_BEAN_NAME

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string

quarkus.tls."tls-bucket-name".trust-store.credentials-provider.password-key

The key used to retrieve the trust store password.

If the selected credential provider does not contain the configured key, the password is not retrieved. Otherwise, the retrieved value is used to open the trust store.

Environment variable: QUARKUS_TLS__TLS_BUCKET_NAME__TRUST_STORE_CREDENTIALS_PROVIDER_PASSWORD_KEY

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string

password

quarkus.tls."tls-bucket-name".cipher-suites

Sets the ordered list of enabled cipher suites. If none is given, a reasonable default is selected from the built-in ciphers.

When suites are set, it takes precedence over the default suite defined by the SSLEngineOptions in use.

Environment variable: QUARKUS_TLS__TLS_BUCKET_NAME__CIPHER_SUITES

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list of string

quarkus.tls."tls-bucket-name".protocols

Sets the ordered list of enabled TLS protocols.

If not set, it defaults to "TLSv1.3, TLSv1.2". The following list of protocols are supported: TLSv1, TLSv1.1, TLSv1.2, TLSv1.3. To only enable TLSv1.3, set the value to to "TLSv1.3".

Note that setting an empty list, and enabling TLS is invalid. You must at least have one protocol.

Also, setting this replaces the default list of protocols.

Environment variable: QUARKUS_TLS__TLS_BUCKET_NAME__PROTOCOLS

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list of string

TLSv1.3,TLSv1.2

quarkus.tls."tls-bucket-name".handshake-timeout

The timeout for the TLS handshake phase.

If not set, it defaults to 10 seconds.

Environment variable: QUARKUS_TLS__TLS_BUCKET_NAME__HANDSHAKE_TIMEOUT

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Duration 

10S

quarkus.tls."tls-bucket-name".alpn

Enables the Application-Layer Protocol Negotiation (ALPN).

Application-Layer Protocol Negotiation is a TLS extension that allows the client and server during the TLS handshake to negotiate which protocol they will use for communication. ALPN enables more efficient communication by allowing the client to indicate its preferred application protocol to the server before the TLS connection is established. This helps in scenarios such as HTTP/2 where multiple protocols may be available, allowing for faster protocol selection.

Environment variable: QUARKUS_TLS__TLS_BUCKET_NAME__ALPN

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boolean

true

quarkus.tls."tls-bucket-name".certificate-revocation-list

Sets the list of revoked certificates (paths to files).

A Certificate Revocation List (CRL) is a list of digital certificates that have been revoked by the issuing Certificate Authority (CA) before their scheduled expiration date. When a certificate is compromised, no longer needed, or deemed invalid for any reason, the CA adds it to the CRL to inform relying parties not to trust the certificate anymore.

Two formats are allowed: DER and PKCS#7 (also known as P7B). When using the DER format, you must pass DER-encoded CRLs. When using the PKCS#7 format, you must pass PKCS#7 SignedData object, with the only significant field being crls.

Environment variable: QUARKUS_TLS__TLS_BUCKET_NAME__CERTIFICATE_REVOCATION_LIST

Show more

list of path

quarkus.tls."tls-bucket-name".trust-all

If set to true, the server trusts all certificates.

This is useful for testing, but should not be used in production.

Environment variable: QUARKUS_TLS__TLS_BUCKET_NAME__TRUST_ALL

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boolean

false

quarkus.tls."tls-bucket-name".hostname-verification-algorithm

The hostname verification algorithm to use in case the server’s identity should be checked. Should be HTTPS (default), LDAPS or an NONE.

If set to NONE, it does not verify the hostname.

If not set, the configured extension decides the default algorithm to use. For example, for HTTP, it will be "HTTPS". For TCP, it can depend on the protocol. Nevertheless, it is recommended to set it to "HTTPS" or "LDAPS".

Environment variable: QUARKUS_TLS__TLS_BUCKET_NAME__HOSTNAME_VERIFICATION_ALGORITHM

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string

quarkus.tls."tls-bucket-name".reload-period

When configured, the server will reload the certificates (from the file system for example) and fires a CertificateUpdatedEvent if the reload is successful

This property configures the period to reload the certificates. IF not set, the certificates won’t be reloaded automatically. However, the application can still trigger the reload manually using the io.quarkus.tls.TlsConfiguration#reload() method, and then fire the CertificateUpdatedEvent manually.

The fired event is used to notify the application that the certificates have been updated, and thus proceed with the actual switch of certificates.

Environment variable: QUARKUS_TLS__TLS_BUCKET_NAME__RELOAD_PERIOD

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Duration 
About the Duration format

To write duration values, use the standard java.time.Duration format. See the Duration#parse() Java API documentation for more information.

You can also use a simplified format, starting with a number:

  • If the value is only a number, it represents time in seconds.

  • If the value is a number followed by ms, it represents time in milliseconds.

In other cases, the simplified format is translated to the java.time.Duration format for parsing:

  • If the value is a number followed by h, m, or s, it is prefixed with PT.

  • If the value is a number followed by d, it is prefixed with P.

4. The registry API

While extensions automatically use the TLS registry, you can also access the TLS configuration programmatically through the registry API.

To access the TLS configuration, inject the TlsConfigurationRegistry bean. You can retrieve a named TLS configuration by calling get("<NAME>") or the default configuration by calling getDefault().

 @Inject
 TlsConfigurationRegistry certificates;
// ...
TlsConfiguration def = certificates.getDefault().orElseThrow();
TlsConfiguration named = certificates.get("name").orElseThrow();
//...

The TlsConfiguration object contains the keystores, truststores, cipher suites, protocols, and other properties. It also provides a way to create an SSLContext from the configuration.

You can also use the TlsConfiguration object to configure the Vert.x client or server, such as KeyCertOptions, TrustOptions, and so on.

5. Registering a certificate from an extension

This section is only for extension developers. An extension can register a certificate in the TLS registry. This is useful when an extension needs to provide a certificate to the application or provides a different format.

To register a certificate in the TLS registry by using the extension, the processor extension must produce a TlsCertificateBuildItem composed of a name and a CertificateSupplier.

TlsCertificateBuildItem item = new TlsCertificateBuildItem("named",
    new MyCertificateSupplier());

The certificate supplier is a runtime object generally retrieved by using a recorder method.

An example of a certificate supplier:
public class MyCertificateSupplier implements Supplier<TlsConfiguration> {

        @Override
        public TlsConfiguration get() {
            try {
                KeyStore ks = KeyStore.getInstance("PKCS12");
                ks.load(getClass().getResourceAsStream("target/certs/test-registration-keystore.p12"),
                        "password".toCharArray());
                KeyStore ts = KeyStore.getInstance("PKCS12");
                ts.load(getClass().getResourceAsStream("target/certs/test-registration-truststore.p12"),
                        "password".toCharArray());
                return new BaseTlsConfiguration() {
                    @Override
                    public KeyStore getKeyStore() {
                        return ks;
                    }

                    @Override
                    public KeyStore getTrustStore() {
                        return ts;
                    }
                };
            } catch (Exception e) {
                throw new RuntimeException(e);
            }
        }
    }

6. Startup checks

When an application that uses the TLS extension starts, the TLS registry performs several checks to ensure the configuration is correct:

  • Keystores and truststores are accessible.

  • Aliases are available and accessible in the keystores and truststores.

  • Certificates are valid.

  • Cipher suites and protocols are valid.

  • Certificate Revocation Lists (CRLs) are valid.

If any of these checks fail, the application will not start.

7. Reloading certificates

The TlsConfiguration obtained from the TLSConfigurationRegistry includes a mechanism for reloading certificates. The reload method refreshes the keystores and truststores, typically by reloading them from the file system.

The reload operation is not automatic and must be triggered manually. Additionally, the TlsConfiguration implementation must support reloading (which is the case for the configured certificate).

The reload method returns a boolean indicating whether the reload was successful. A value of true means the reload operation was successful, not necessarily that there were updates to the certificates.

After a TlsConfiguration has been reloaded, servers and clients using this configuration may need to perform specific actions to apply the new certificates.

The recommended approach for informing clients and servers about the certificate reload is to fire a CDI event of type io.quarkus.tls.CertificateUpdatedEvent. To do so, inject a CDI event of this type and fire it when a reload occurs.

  1. Manually triggering a reload and firing a CertificateUpdatedEvent:

// in the class that performs the reload
@Inject
Event<CertificateUpdatedEvent> event;
@Inject
TlsConfigurationRegistry registry;

public void reload() {
    TlsConfiguration config = registry.get("name").orElseThrow();
    if (config.reload()) {
        event.fire(new CertificateUpdatedEvent("name", config));
    }
}

// In the server or client code
public void onReload(@Observes CertificateUpdatedEvent reload) {
    if ("name".equals(event.getName())) {
        server.updateSSLOptions(reload.tlsConfiguration().getSSLOptions());
        // Or update the SSLContext.
    }

}

7.1. Periodic reloading

The TLS registry includes a built-in mechanism for periodically checking the file system for changes and reloading certificates. The reload-period property specifies the interval for reloading certificates and emits a CertificateUpdatedEvent each time certificates are reloaded.

  1. To configure periodic certificate reloading:

    quarkus.tls.reload-period=1h
quarkus.tls.key-store.pem.0.cert=tls.crt
quarkus.tls.key-store.pem.0.key=tls.key

  2. For each named configuration, you can set a specific reload period:

    quarkus.tls.http.reload-period=30min
quarkus.tls.http.key-store.pem.0.cert=tls.crt
quarkus.tls.http.key-store.pem.0.key=tls.key
Impacted server and client may need to listen to the CertificateUpdatedEvent to apply the new certificates. This is automatically done for the Quarkus HTTP server, including the management interface if it is enabled.

8. Using Kubernetes secrets or cert-manager

When running in Kubernetes, you can use Kubernetes secrets to store the keystores and truststores.

8.1. Using Kubernetes secrets

  1. By using the secret below as an example, create a secret with the keystores and truststores to use Kubernetes secrets:

    apiVersion: v1
data:
  tls.crt: ...
  tls.key: ...
kind: Secret
metadata:
  name: my-certs
type: kubernetes.io/tls

  2. Mount the secret as a volume in the pod, which is the easiest way to use these certificates:

    apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: demo
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.0.0-SNAPSHOT
    app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: quarkus
  name: demo
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app.kubernetes.io/name: demo
      app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.0.0-SNAPSHOT
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: quarkus
        app.kubernetes.io/name: demo
        app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.0.0-SNAPSHOT
    spec:
      containers:
        - env:
            - name: KUBERNETES_NAMESPACE
              valueFrom:
                fieldRef:
                  fieldPath: metadata.namespace
          image: ...
          imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
          name: demo
          ports:
            - containerPort: 8443 # Configure the port to be HTTPS
              name: http
              protocol: TCP
          volumeMounts:
            - mountPath: /certs
              name: my-volume
      volumes:
        - name: my-volume
          secret:
            defaultMode: 0666 # Set the permissions, otherwise the pod may not be able to read the files
            optional: false
            secretName: my-certs # Reference the secret

  3. Configure the TLS registry to use the certificates:

    # ...
# TLS Registry configuration
%prod.quarkus.tls.http.key-store.pem.0.cert=/certs/tls.crt
%prod.quarkus.tls.http.key-store.pem.0.key=/certs/tls.key

# HTTP server configuration:
%prod.quarkus.http.tls-configuration-name=http
%prod.quarkus.http.insecure-requests=disabled

    You can combine this with the periodic reloading to automatically reload the certificates when they change.

8.2. Using cert-manager

When running in Kubernetes, you can use cert-manager to generate and renew certificates automatically. Cert-manager produces a secret containing the keystores and truststores. Configuring the TLS registry is the same as when using Kubernetes secrets. The generated secret includes the following files:

  • tls.crt for the certificate

  • tls.key for the private key

  • ca.crt for the CA certificate (if needed)

    1. To configure automatic certificate renewal, use the periodic reloading mechanism:

# ...
# TLS Registry configuration
%prod.quarkus.tls.http.key-store.pem.0.cert=/certs/tls.crt
%prod.quarkus.tls.http.key-store.pem.0.key=/certs/tls.key
%prod.quarkus.tls.http.reload-period=24h

# HTTP server configuration:
%prod.quarkus.http.tls-configuration-name=http
%prod.quarkus.http.insecure-requests=disabled

9. Working with OpenShift serving certificates

When running your application in OpenShift, you can use the OpenShift serving certificates to generate and renew TLS certificates automatically. The Quarkus TLS registry can use these certificates and Certificate Authority (CA) files to handle HTTPS traffic and validate certificates securely.

9.1. Acquiring a certificate

To have OpenShift generate a serving certificate, annotate an existing Service object. The generated certificate will be stored in a secret, which you can then mount in your pod.

The following snippet uses an example Service object with an annotation for generating a TLS certificate.

  1. View the configuration of the Service object:

    apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ...
    app.kubernetes.io/version: ...
    app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: quarkus
  name: hero-service
spec:
  ports:
    - name: http
      port: 443
      protocol: TCP
      targetPort: 8443
  selector:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ...
    app.kubernetes.io/version: ...
  type: ClusterIP

  2. To generate a certificate, add his annotation to your already created OpenShift service:

    oc annotate service hero-service \
     service.beta.openshift.io/serving-cert-secret-name=my-tls-secret

    The annotation service.beta.openshift.io/serving-cert-secret-name instructs OpenShift to generate a certificate and store it in a secret named my-tls-secret.

  3. Mount the secret as a volume in your pod by updating your Deployment configuration:

    apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ...
    app.kubernetes.io/version: ...
  name: my-service
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app.kubernetes.io/name: ...
      app.kubernetes.io/version: ...
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app.kubernetes.io/name: ...
        app.kubernetes.io/version: ...
    spec:
      volumes:
        - name: my-tls-secret  (1)
          secret:
            secretName: my-tls-secret
      containers:
        - env:
            - name: KUBERNETES_NAMESPACE
              valueFrom:
                fieldRef:
                  fieldPath: metadata.namespace
            - name: QUARKUS_TLS_KEY_STORE_PEM_ACME_CERT (2)
              value: /etc/tls/tls.crt
            - name: QUARKUS_TLS_KEY_STORE_PEM_ACME_KEY
              value: /etc/tls/tls.key
          image: ...
          imagePullPolicy: Always
          name: my-service
          volumeMounts:  (3)
            - name: my-tls-secret
              mountPath: /etc/tls
              readOnly: true
          ports:
            - containerPort: 8443  (4)
              name: https
              protocol: TCP
    1 Define a volume to mount the secret. Use the same name as the secret declared above.
    2 Set up the keystore with the paths to the certificate and private key. This can be configured by using environment variables or configuration files. This example uses environment variables. OpenShift serving certificates always create the tls.crt and tls.key files.
    3 Mount the secret in the container. Ensure that the path matches the one used in the configuration (here /etc/tls).
    4 Configure the port to serve HTTPS.

  4. Deploy your application to use the certificate generated by OpenShift. This will make the service available over HTTPS.

By setting the quarkus.tls.key-store.pem.acme.cert and quarkus.tls.key-store.pem.acme.key variables or their environment variable variant, the TLS registry will use the certificate and private key from the secret.

This configures the default keystore for the Quarkus HTTP server, which allows the server to use the certificate. For information about using this certificate in a named configuration, see Referencing a TLS configuration.

9.2. Trusting the Certificate Authority (CA)

Prerequisites

Now that your service uses a certificate issued by OpenShift, configure your client applications to trust this certificate. To do so, create a ConfigMap that holds the CA certificate, and then configure the pod to mount it. The following steps use a Quarkus REST client as an example, but the same approach applies to any client.

  1. Start by defining an empty ConfigMap, which will be populated with the CA certificate:

    apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: client-tls-config
  annotations:
    service.beta.openshift.io/inject-cabundle: "true"

    The service.beta.openshift.io/inject-cabundle annotation is used to inject the CA certificate into the ConfigMap. Note that the ConfigMap initially has no data — it is empty. During its processing, OpenShift injects the CA certificate into the ConfigMap in the service-ca.crt file.

  2. Mount the ConfigMap by adding a volume and mounting it in your Deployment configuration:

    apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: my-service-client
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ...
    app.kubernetes.io/version: ...
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app.kubernetes.io/name: ...
      app.kubernetes.io/version: ...
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app.kubernetes.io/name: ...
        app.kubernetes.io/version: ...
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: my-service-client
          image: ...
          ports:
            - name: http
              containerPort: 8080
              protocol: TCP
          volumeMounts: (1)
            - name: my-client-volume
              mountPath: /deployments/tls
      volumes: (2)
        - name: my-client-volume
          configMap:
            name: client-tls-config
    1 Mount the ConfigMap in the container. Ensure that the path matches the one used in the configuration (in this example /deployments/tls).
    2 Define a volume to mount the ConfigMap and reference the ConfigMap that receives the CA certificate.

  3. Configure the REST client to use this CA certificate.

    Consider the following REST client interface:

    package org.acme;

import jakarta.ws.rs.GET;
import jakarta.ws.rs.Path;
import org.eclipse.microprofile.rest.client.inject.RegisterRestClient;

@RegisterRestClient(baseUri = "https://hero-service.cescoffi-dev.svc", configKey = "hero") (1)
public interface HeroClient {

    record Hero (Long id, String name, String otherName, int level, String picture, String powers) {
    }

    @GET
    @Path("/api/heroes/random")
    Hero getRandomHero();

}
    1 Configure the base URI and the configuration key. The name must be in the format <service-name>.<namespace>.svc. Otherwise, the certificate will not be trusted. Ensure that the configKey is also configured.

  4. Configure the REST client to trust the CA certificate generated by OpenShift:

    quarkus.rest-client.hero.tls-configuration-name=my-service-tls (1)
quarkus.tls.my-service-tls.trust-store.pem.certs=/deployments/tls/service-ca.crt (2)
    1 Configure the hero REST client with the TLS configuration named my-service-tls.
    2 Set up the my-service-tls TLS configuration, specifically the truststore with the CA certificate. Ensure the path matches the one used in the Kubernetes Deployment configuration. The file is always named service-ca.crt.

9.3. Certificate renewal

OpenShift automatically renews the serving certificates it generates. When the certificate is renewed, the secret is updated with the new certificate and private key.

To ensure your application uses the new certificate, you can use the periodic reloading feature of the Quarkus TLS registry.

By setting the reload-period property, the TLS registry will periodically check the keystores and truststores for changes and reload them if needed:

quarkus.tls.reload-period=24h

  1. Optionally, implement a custom mechanism to reload the certificates when the secret is updated. See Reloading certificates for more information.

10. Quarkus CLI commands and development Certificate Authority

The TLS registry provides Quarkus CLI commands to generate a development Certificate Authority (CA) and trusted certificates. This avoids having to use self-signed certificates locally.

The following snippet shows the description of the quarkus tls command, containing two sub-commands:

> quarkus tls
Install and Manage TLS development certificates
Usage: tls [COMMAND]
Commands:
  generate-quarkus-ca   Generate Quarkus Dev CA certificate and private key. (1)
  generate-certificate  Generate a TLS certificate with the Quarkus Dev CA if
                        available. (2)
1 This is useful for local development, as it allows Quarkus to act as its own certificate authority, which can be used to sign other certificates.
2 This is useful when creating a certificate for secure communication between your application and external services or clients during development.

In most cases, you generate the Quarkus Development CA once and then generate certificates signed by this CA. The Quarkus Development CA is a Certificate Authority that can be used to sign certificates locally. It is only valid for development purposes and only trusted on the local machine. The generated CA is located in $HOME/.quarkus/quarkus-dev-root-ca.pem, and installed in the system truststore.

10.1. Understanding self-signed versus CA-signed certificates

When developing with TLS, you can use two types of certificates:

  • Self-signed certificate: The certificate is signed by the same entity that uses it. It is not trusted by default. This type of certificate is typically used when a Certificate Authority (CA) is unavailable or you want a simple setup. It is not suitable for production and should only be used for development.

  • CA-signed certificate: The certificate is signed by a Certificate CA, a trusted entity. This certificate is trusted by default and is the standard choice for production environments.

While you can use a self-signed certificate for local development, it has limitations. Browsers and tools like curl, wget, and httpie typically do not trust self-signed certificates, requiring manual import of the CA in your OS.

To avoid this issue, you can use a development CA to sign certificates and install the CA in the system truststore. This ensures that the system trusts all certificates signed by the CA.

Quarkus simplifies the generation of a development CA and the certificates that are signed by this CA.

10.2. Generate a development CA

The development CA is a Certificate Authority that can be used to sign certificates locally. Note that the generated CA is only valid for development purposes and can only be trusted on the local machine.

To generate a development CA:

quarkus tls generate-ca-certificate --install \   (1)
     --renew \     (2)
     --truststore  (3)
1 --install installs the CA in the system truststore. Windows, Mac, and Linux (Fedora and Ubuntu) are supported. However, depending on your browser, you might need to import the generated CA manually. Refer to your browser’s documentation for more information. The generated CA is located in $HOME/.quarkus/quarkus-dev-root-ca.pem.
2 --renew renews the CA if it already exists. When this option is used, the private key is changed, so you need to regenerate the certificates signed by the CA. If the CA expires, it will automatically renew without requiring the --renew option.
3 --truststore also generates a PKCS12 truststore containing the CA certificate.
When installing the certificate, your system might ask for your password to install the certificate in the system truststore or ask for confirmation in a dialog on Windows.
On Windows, run as administrator from an elevated terminal to install the CA in the system truststore.

10.3. Generating a trusted (signed) certificate

Prerequisites

  • Generate a development CA

    1. After installing the Quarkus Development CA, generate a trusted certificate. This certificate will be signed by the Quarkus Development CA and trusted by your system.

      quarkus tls generate-certificate --name my-cert

      This command generates a certificate signed by the Quarkus Development CA, which your system will trust if properly installed or imported.

      The certificate is stored in ./.certs/. Two files are generated:

  • $NAME-keystore.p12: Contains the private key and the certificate. It is password-protected.

  • $NAME-truststore.p12: Contains the CA certificate, which you can use as a truststore, for example, for testing.

    Additional options are available:

    Usage: tls generate-certificate [-hrV] [-c=<cn>] [-d=<directory>]
       -n=<name> [-p=<password>]
Generate a TLS certificate with the Quarkus Dev CA if available.
  -c, --cn=<cn>       The common name of the certificate. Default is 'localhost'
  -d, --directory=<directory>
                      The directory in which the certificates will be created.
                        Default is `.certs`
  -n, --name=<name>   Name of the certificate. It will be used as file name and
                        alias in the keystore
  -p, --password=<password>
                      The password of the keystore. Default is 'password'
  -r, --renew         Whether existing certificates will need to be replaced

    A .env file is also generated when generating the certificate, making the Quarkus dev mode aware of these certificates.

    1. Run your application in dev mode to use these certificates:

      ./mvnw quarkus:dev
...
INFO  [io.quarkus] (Quarkus Main Thread) demo 1.0.0-SNAPSHOT on JVM (powered by Quarkus 999-SNAPSHOT) started in 1.286s. Listening on: http://localhost:8080 and https://localhost:8443

    2. Open the Dev UI by using HTTPS: https://localhost:8443/q/dev or by issuing a curl request:

      curl https://localhost:8443/hello
Hello from Quarkus REST%
      Quarkus generates a self-signed certificate if the Quarkus Development CA is not installed.

10.4. Generating a self-signed certificate

Even if the Quarkus Development CA is installed, you can generate a self-signed certificate:

quarkus tls generate-certificate --name my-cert --self-signed

This generates a self-signed certificate that the Quarkus Development CA does not sign.

10.5. Uninstalling the Quarkus Development CA

Uninstalling the Quarkus Development CA from your system depends on your OS.

10.5.1. Deleting the CA certificate on Windows

  1. List the CA certificate on Windows by using the Powershell terminal with administrator rights:

    # First, we need to identify the serial number of the CA certificate
> certutil -store -user Root
root "Trusted Root Certification Authorities"
================ Certificate 0 ================
Serial Number: 019036d564c8
Issuer: O=Quarkus, CN=quarkus-dev-root-ca # <-That's the CA, copy the Serial Number (the line above)
NotBefore: 6/19/2024 11:07 AM
NotAfter: 6/20/2025 11:07 AM
Subject: C=Cloud, S=world, L=home, OU=Quarkus Dev, O=Quarkus Dev, CN=quarkus-dev-root-ca
Signature matches Public Key
Non-root Certificate uses same Public Key as Issuer
Cert Hash(sha1): 3679bc95b613a2112a3d3256fe8321b6eccce720
No key provider information
Cannot find the certificate and private key for decryption.
CertUtil: -store command completed successfully.

  2. Delete the stored CA certificate and replace $Serial_Number with the serial number of the CA certificate:

    > certutil -delstore -user -v Root $Serial_Number

10.5.2. Deleting the CA certificate on Linux

  • On Fedora:

    sudo rm /etc/pki/ca-trust/source/anchors/quarkus-dev-root-ca.pem
sudo update-ca-trust

  • On Ubuntu:

    sudo rm /usr/local/share/ca-certificates/quarkus-dev-root-ca.pem
sudo update-ca-certificates

10.5.3. Deleting the CA certificate on Mac

  • On Mac:

    sudo security -v remove-trusted-cert -d /Users/clement/.quarkus/quarkus-dev-root-ca.pem

11. Automatic certificate management with Let’s Encrypt

Let’s Encrypt is a free, automated certificate authority provided by Internet Security Research Group.

Let’s Encrypt uses Automated certificate management environment (ACME) protocol to support automatic certificate issuance and renewal. To learn more about Let’s Encrypt and ACME, see Let’s Encrypt documentation.

The TLS registry extension allows a CLI ACME client to issue and renew Let’s Encrypt certificates. Your application uses this TLS registry extension to resolve ACME protocol challenges.

Follow the steps below to have your Quarkus application prepared and automatically updated with new and renewed Let’s Encrypt certificates.

11.1. Prerequisites

  • Ensure that a fully resolvable DNS domain name is available that you can use to access your application. You can use this domain name to create a Let’s Encrypt account and pass the Let’s Encrypt ACME challenges to prove that you own this domain. You can use ngrok to start experimenting with the Quarkus Let’s Encrypt ACME feature; for more information, see the Testing with ngrok section below.

  • Your Quarkus HTTPS application must use a build-time property to enable a Let’s Encrypt ACME challenge route:

    quarkus.tls.lets-encrypt.enabled=true

    The TLS registry can manage the challenge process from either the main HTTP interface or the management interface. Using a management interface is strongly recommended to let Quarkus deal with ACME challenge configuration separately from the main application’s deployment and security requirements:

    quarkus.tls.lets-encrypt.enabled=true
quarkus.management.enabled=true
Port 80

The Let’s Encrypt ACME challenge requires that the application is reachable on port 80 (basically: http://your-dns-name). Ensure the port 80 is accessible from the Internet. It might require an explicit security policy depending on your hosting provider.

We also recommend setting quarkus.http.insecure-requests to redirect to redirect all HTTP requests to HTTPS. The ACME challenge accepts self-signed certificates and up to 10 redirections:

quarkus.tls.lets-encrypt.enabled=true
quarkus.management.enabled=true
quarkus.http.insecure-requests=redirect

The challenge is served from the primary HTTP interface (accessible from your DNS domain name).

Do not start your application yet.

11.2. Application preparation

Before you request a Let’s Encrypt certificate:

  1. Move to the root directory of your application.

  2. Run the TLS registry Let’s Encrypt CLI prepare command:

    quarkus tls lets-encrypt prepare --domain=<domain-dns-name>

    The prepare command does the following:

    • Creates a .letsencrypt folder in your application’s root directory

    • Creates a self-signed domain certificate and private key for your application configured in the previous Let’s Encrypt prerequisites step to be able to start and accept HTTPS requests

    • Creates a .env configuration file in your application’s root directory and configures the application to use the self-signed domain certificate and private key (until we get the Let’s Encrypt certificate)

      The following snippet shows an example of the generated .env file:

      quarkus.tls.key-store.pem.acme.cert=.letsencrypt/lets-encrypt.crt
quarkus.tls.key-store.pem.acme.key=.letsencrypt/lets-encrypt.key
      The .env file does not contain the quarkus.tls.lets-encrypt.enabled and quarkus.management.enabled properties as they are build-time properties that require a rebuild of the application.

11.3. Starting your application

  1. Start your application:

    java -jar quarkus-run.jar

    1. Access your application endpoint by using https://your-domain-name:8443/; for example, https://your-domain-name:8443/hello, and accept a self-signed certificate in the browser.

    2. Keep the application running and request your first Let’s Encrypt certificate.

11.4. Issue a certificate

  1. From the application directory, run the issue-certificate command to acquire your first Let’s Encrypt certificate:

    quarkus tls lets-encrypt issue-certificate \
  --domain=<domain-dns-name> \ (1)
  --email=<your contact email> \ (2)
  --management-url=https://localhost:9000 (3)
    1 Set your domain name.
    2 Provide your contact email address that Let’s Encrypt can use to contact you in case of any issues with your Let’s Encrypt account.
    3 Set your application management URL, which you can use to handle ACME challenges. Use https://localhost:8443/ if you choose not to enable a management router in the Let’s Encrypt prerequisites step.

  2. During the processing of the issue-certificate command, the TLS registry CLI performs the following tasks:

    • Checks if the application is prepared to serve the challenge.

    • Creates and records Let’s Encrypt account information.

    • Issues a Let’s Encrypt certificate request.

    • Interacts with the Quarkus application to resolve ACME challenges.

      When the Let’s Encrypt certificate chain and private key have been successfully acquired, they are converted to PEM format and copied to your application’s .letsencrypt folder. The TLS registry is informed that a new certificate and private key are ready and reloads them automatically.

  3. Access your application’s endpoint using https://your-domain-name:8443/ again. Confirm in the browser that the Let’s Encrypt certificate authority is now signing your domain certificate.

    Note that currently, the issue-certificate command implicitly creates a Let’s Encrypt account to make it easy for users to get started with the ACME protocol. Support for the Let’s Encrypt account management will evolve further.

11.5. Renewing a certificate

Renewing certificates is similar to issuing the first certificate, but it requires an existing account created during the Issue certificates with Let’s Encrypt step.

Run the following command to renew your Let’s Encrypt certificate and set your domain DNS name:

quarkus tls lets-encrypt renew-certificate \
  --domain=<domain-dns-name>

During this command, TLS registry CLI reads a Let’s Encrypt account information recorded during the Issue certificates with Let’s Encrypt step, issues a Let’s Encrypt certificate request, and communicates with a Quarkus application to have ACME challenges resolved.

Once the Let’s Encrypt certificate chain and private key have been successfully renewed, they are converted to PEM format and copied to your application’s .letsencrypt folder. The TLS registry is notified when a new certificate and private key are ready, and it automatically reloads them.

11.6. Testing with ngrok

ngrok can be used to provide a secure HTTPS tunnel to your application running on localhost, and make it easy to test HTTPS based applications.

ngrok provides a simplified way of getting started with the Quarkus Let’s Encrypt ACME feature.

  1. Initiate testing by asking ngrok to reserve a domain:

    You can use Quarkiverse ngrok in dev mode or reserve it directly in the ngrok dashboard. Unfortunately, you cannot use your ngrok domain to test the Quarkus Let’s Encrypt ACME feature immediately. This is because ngrok itself uses Let’s Encrypt and intercepts ACME challenges that are meant to be handled by the Quarkus application instead.

  2. Therefore, remove the ngrok Let’s Encrypt certificate policy from your ngrok domain:

    ngrok api --api-key <YOUR-API-KEY> reserved-domains delete-certificate-management-policy <YOUR-RESERVED-DOMAIN-ID>

    YOUR-RESERVED-DOMAIN-ID is your reserved domain’s id which starts from rd_, you can find it in the ngrok dashboard domains section.

  3. Because ngrok only forwards ACME challenges over HTTP, start ngrok by using the following command:

    ngrok http --domain <YOUR-NGROK-DOMAIN> 8080 --scheme http (1)
    1 8080 is the localhost HTTP port your application is listening on. Note that the application will be accessible from http://YOUR-NGROK-DOMAIN on port 80 but redirected to your local machine on port 8080.

  4. Test the Quarkus Let’s Encrypt ACME feature from your local machine.

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